ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Copper Sulfate on Chicken Embryo During the Incubation Period
Objective: Fungal agents cause disease in virtually any susceptible hosts. In the poultry production and medicine, pathogens were eliminated from a line of a breeder by injection of antifungals into hatching eggs. There is little information available describing the safety of the antifungal drugs on the birds embryonated eggs. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the injection ofcopper sulfate solution on the chicken embryonated egg. Methods: Fertile chicken eggs were distributed into 3 groups and set in the incubator. On 4th day post incubation, two groups were injected with the copper sulfate solution, 5 and 10 mg per Kg egg-weight, dissolved in 0.5 ml phosphate buffered saline. The rest group was used as sham control (0.5 ml phosphate buffered saline solution). Results: Macroscopic evaluationon 18th day post incubation showed that embryos were normal in all treatment groups. Microscopically, no lesions were also diagnosed in the brain, heart, muscle, liver, kidney and lung of the embryos. Based on macroscopic and microscopic findings, it is concluded that copper sulfate at above-mentioned concentration is not toxic for the chicken embryo at the stage of development. So, copper sulfate egg-injection can be used toeliminate fungal agentswithout any adverse effect.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12205_0edd37d4db17a4b007e6f9853f0d9411.pdf
2015-03-01
1
6
Chicken
embryo
Histopathology
Copper sulfate
Hadi
Tavakkoli
tavakkoli@uk.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sajedeh
Salandari
2
Graduate student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyede Saeedeh
Mosallanejad
mosala.sm@hotmail.com
3
Graduate student, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Agunos A, LÈger D, Carson C (2012). Review of antimicrobial therapy of selected bacterial diseases in broiler chickens in Canada. Canadian Vet. J. 53(12): 1289.
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Ahrens FA, Martin RJ (2013). Antimicrobial drugs.
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Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology 347. Altunsoy A, Aypak C, Azap A, Ergˆn¸l ÷, Bal˝k › (2011).
3
The impact of a nationwide antibiotic restriction program on antibiotic usage and resistance against nosocomial pathogens in Turkey. Int. J. Med. Sci. 8(4): 339.
4
Banerjee S, Mukhopadhayay SK, Ganguly S (2013). Phytogenic Growth Promoter as Replacers for Antibiotic Growth Promoter in Poultry Birds. J. Anim. Genet. Res. 1(1): 6-7.
5
Buscaglia C (2013). Influence of the addition of antibiotics on survival of herpevirus of turkeys. Avian Dis. 52(2): 437-436.
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7
Conway GR, Pretty JN (2013). Unwelcome harvest: agriculture and pollution, Routledge. 5 Tavakkoli et al/ Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res, 2015; 3 (1), 1-6
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Crespo R, Shivaprasad H, Silva Franca M (2013). Ulcerative Enteritis-like Disease Associated with Clostridium sordellii in Quail. Avian Dis. 57(3): 213-221.
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Erdem H, Akova M (2012). Leading infectious diseases problems in Turkey. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18(11): 1056- 1067.
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Hasan B, Faruque R, Drobni M, Waldenstrˆm J, Sadique A, Ahmed KU, Islam Z, Parvez MH, Olsen B, Alam M (2011). High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic Escherichia coli from large-and small-scale poultry farms in Bangladesh. Avian Dis. 55(4): 689-692.
13
Jacobsen ID, Grofle K, Hube B (2012). Embryonated Chicken Eggs as Alternative Infection Model for Pathogenic Fungi. Host-Fungus Interactions, Springer: 487-496.
14
Jones K, Thornton J, Zhang Y, Mauel M (2013). A 5-year retrospective report of Gallibacterium anatis and Pasteurella multocida isolates from chickens in
15
Mississippi. Poult. Sci. 92(12): 3166-3171.
16
Kabir S (2010). Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis: a closer look at epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, control and public health concerns. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health 7(1): 89-114.
17
Kleven S (2008). Control of avian mycoplasma infections in commercial poultry. Avian Dis. 52(3): 367-374.
18
Lee K-W, Ho Hong Y, Lee S-H, Jang SI, Park M-S, Bautista DA, Donald Ritter G, Jeong W, Jeoung H-Y, An D-J (2012). Effects of anticoccidial and antibiotic growth promoter programs on broiler performance and immune status.
19
Res. Vet. Sci. 93(2): 721-728.
20
Lee S-K, Chon J-W, Song K-Y, Hyeon J-Y, Moon J-S, Seo K-H (2013). Prevalence, characterization, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum isolated from eggs produced in conventional or organic farms in South Korea. Poult. Sci. 92(10): 2789-2797.
21
MacDonald JM, Wang S-L (2011). Foregoing subtherapeutic antibiotics: The impact on broiler grow-out operations. App. Economic Perspectives Policy 33(1): 79- 98.
22
McCapes R, Yamamoto R, Ghazikhanian G, Dungan W, Ortmayer H (1977). Antibiotic Egg Injection to Eliminate Disease I. Effect of Injection Methods on Turkey Hatchability and Mycoplasma meleagridis Infection. Avian Dis. 57-68.
23
McDougald L, Abraham M, Beckstead R (2012). An Outbreak of Blackhead Disease (Histomonas meleagridis) in Farm-Reared Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus). Avian Dis. 56(4): 754-756.
24
McKellar Q, Sanchez Bruni S, Jones D (2004) Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of antimicrobial drugs used in veterinary medicine. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 27(6): 503-514.
25
Nascimento ER, Pereira V, Nascimento M, Barreto M (2005). Avian mycoplasmosis update. Revista Brasileira de CiÍncia AvÌcola 7(1): 1-9.
26
Nemati M (2013). Antimicrobial resistance of porteus
27
isolates from poultry. Europ. J. Experim.l Biol. 3(6): 499- 500. Obeng AS, Rickard H, Ndi O, Sexton M, Barton M (2012).
28
Antibiotic resistance, phylogenetic grouping and virulence potential of Escherichia coli isolated from the faeces of intensively farmed and free range poultry. Vet. Microbiol. 154(3): 305-315.
29
Priyantha M, Vipulasiri A, Gunawardana G (2012). Salmonella control in poultry breeder farms in Sri Lanka: Effects of oral antibiotic treatment on whole blood agglutination test with Salmonella pullorum antigen. Int.
30
J. Livestock Product. 3(2): 21-24.
31
Richardson HW (1997). Handbook of copper compounds and applications, CRC Press.
32
Rigobelo EC, Blackall PJ, Maluta RP, £vila FAd (2013). Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Pasteurella multocida isolated from chickens and japanese quails in Brazil. Braz. J. Microbiol. 44(1): 161-
33
Sapkota AR, Hulet RM, Zhang G, McDermott P, Kinney EL, Schwab KJ, Joseph SW (2011). Lower prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci on US conventional poultry farms that transitioned to organic practices. Environ. Health Perspect. 119(11): 1622.
34
Sheeks OB, Sheeks RL (1992). Egg injection method, apparatus and carrier solution for improving hatchability and disease control, Google Patents.
35
Singroha R, Srivastava S, Chhikara P (2012). Effect of Gentamicin on kidney in developing chicks. Eur. J. Anat. 16(2): 119-126.
36
Singroha R, Srivastava S, Chhikara P (2013). Effect of gentamicin on proximal convoluted tubules of kidney in developing chicks. J. Anat. Soc. India 62(1): 17-22.
37
6 Tavakkoli et al/ Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res, 2015; 3 (1), 1-6
38
Sweetman SC, Pharm B, PharmS F, Eds. (2009). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London, Pharmaceutical Press.
39
Tavakkoli H, Derakhshanfar A, Noori Gooshki S (2013). A short preliminary experimental study on teratogenic effect of methenamine in embryonic model. International.
40
Tavakkoli H, Derakhshanfar A, Noori Gooshki S (2014a). The effect of florfenicol egg-injection on embryonated chicken egg. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2(2): 496-503.
41
Tavakkoli H, Derakhshanfar A, Noori Gooshki S (2014b). Toxicopathological lesions of fosfomycin in embryonic model. Europ. J. Experim. Biol. 4(2): 63-71.
42
Tavakkoli H, Derakhshanfar A, S S (2014c). Toxicology of urotropine in chicken embryo model. Online J Vet Res 18(2): 109-115.
43
Tavakkoli H, Derakhshanfar A, Salandari S (2104). Investigation on the using of linco-spectin solution for in ovo administration in chicken embryo.
44
Wightwick AM, Salzman SA, Reichman SM, Allinson G, Menzies NW (2013). Effects of copper fungicide residues on the microbial function of vineyard soils. Environment. Sci. Pollution Res. 20(3): 1574-1585.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Application of Gis and Gps in Precision Agriculture (a Review)
Agriculture is a complex system science and the knowledge of it is consisting of much concepts and relationships. Examinations in connection with site-specific farming have been carried out by our institute since 1998. Precision farming is a way of agricultural production, which takes into account the in-field variability, a technology where the application-seeding, nutrient replacement, spraying, etc. has taken place to act on the local circumstances of a given field. The geographic information system (GIS) created by computing background makes possible to generate complex view about our fields and to make valid agro technological decisions. With the advent of the satellite-based Global Positioning System, farmers gained the potential to take account of spatial variability. Our goal was to compare two systems for marking out further research tasks, because in some cases there have been misunderstandings among the researchers, and the information provided by given companies seems to be complicated for potential users. This article provides an overview of worldwide development and current status of precision agriculture technologies and Application of GIS and GPS in Precision agriculture.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12206_798e250c5637a2409e80d6ab4c12f38e.pdf
2015-03-01
7
9
GPS
GIS
Computer Application
Precision Agriculture
Mohammad Reza
Yousefi
reza_y19@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ayat Mohammad
Razdari
2
Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Shahre Kord, Shahre Kord, Iran
AUTHOR
erstegen, J.A.A.M. 1998. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Economics and Management, Wageningen, Agricultural University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
1
Ess, D.R., Parsons, S.D., Strickland, R.M., 1997. Evaluation of commercially-available software for grain yield mapping. ASAE Paper No. 97-1033, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
2
Gelian, S,. Maohua, W,. Xiao, Y,. Rui, Y,. Binyun,. Z. 2012. on precision agriculture knowledge presentation with ontology AASRI Conference on Modeling, Identification and Control 3: 732ñ738.
3
Gibbons, G., 2000. Turning a farm art into science an overview of precision farming. URL: http://www.precisionfarming.com.
4
Hendrickson, L.L., Han, S., 2000. A reactive nitrogen management system. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, Bloomington, MN, USA.
5
Naiqian, Z, Maohua, W, Ning W. 2002. Precision agriculture- worldwide overview. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 36: 113-132.
6
Qian P, Zheng Y, 2006. Study and Application of Agricultural Ontology .Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Publishing House.
7
Runquist, S, Zhang, N., Taylor, R., 2001. Development a field-level geographic information system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 31: 201-209.
8
Shibusawa, S., 1998. Precision Farming and Terramechanics. Fifth ISTVS Asia-Pacific Regional Conference in Korea, October 20-22.
9
Smith, Katherine. 2002. ìDoes Off-FarmWork Hinder ëSmartí Farming? USDA Agricultural Outlook, Sept. p.28- 30.
10
Stafford, J.V., 2000. Implementing Precision Agriculture in the 21st Century, Journal agriculture Engineering Research. 76:267-275.
11
Stafford, J.V., Evans, K., 2000. Spatial distribution of potato cyst nematode and the potential for varying nematicide application. Proceedings of Fifth
12
International Conference on Precision Agriculture.
13
Whelan, B.M., Bratney, A.B., Boydell, B.C., 1997. The Impact of Precision Agriculture. Proceedings of the ABARE Outlook Conference, ëThe Future of Cropping in NW NSWí, Moree, UK, July 1997, p. 5.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Histochemical Evaluation of the Activities of Vitamin C on Ethanol Administration in Rat; Implication on the Cytoarchitectural and Some Neurochemical Indices of the Prefrontal Cortex
Objective: This study was to evaluate the effect of Vitamin C on the histology and histochemistry of the prefrontal cortex of ethanol-induced rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the University’s ethical committee. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 rats each. Rats in group A= free access to normal saline. Rats in group B= treated with 4.25 ml ethanol. Rats in group C= treated with 100 mg/kg Vit. C. Rats in group D= pre-treated with 100 mg/kg Vit. C followed by 4.25 ml ethanol. Rats in group E=co-treated with 100 mg/kg of Vit. C and 4.25ml ethanol. Rats in group F=post-treated with 4.25ml ethanol followed by 100 mg/kg Vit.C. 24hrs after the last administration, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation: the fraction of the brain for tissue histochemistry was fixed in formol calcium and later processed for Heamotoxylin and Eosin with Cresyl fast violent staining techniques and the other fraction meant for enzyme and/or marker histochemistry was processed accordingly for some neurochemical indices for oxidative stress. Results: The markers of oxidative stress were statistically increased in the rats in group D, E and F compared with the rats in group B. There is a significant reduction of TBARS when compared with ethanol induced group (group B). The histological profile of the prefrontal cortex of rats in group A and C were preserved while that of the rats in group B displayed distorted cytoarchitecture profile with a marked increase in apoptotic bodies, lateral deviation of neurons and a marked increase in the activities of oxidative markers.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12207_5f9393fa71476de62f91f9760f885903.pdf
2015-03-01
10
13
Ethanol
Apoptosis
Oxidative markers
Prefrontal cortex
Neurodegeneration
A.O.
Adekeye
cyberdex21@gmail.com
1
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
C.O.
Akintayo
2
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
AUTHOR
L.A.
Enye
3
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
AUTHOR
O.O.
Ogendengbe
4
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
AUTHOR
A.I.
Adeniyi
5
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Carney JM, Strake-Reed PE, Oliver CN, Landum RW, Chang MS, Wu JF, Floyd RA(1999).Reversal of age-related increase in brain protein oxidation. PNAS:88:3633-6
1
Gruchow HW, Soboclaski KA, Barboriak JJ (1985). Alcohol consumption, nutrients intake and relative body weight among US adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 42(2):289-295.
2
Ighodaro OM, Omole JO (2012) Ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats: effect of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum. Journal of Medicine and Medicinal science Vol 3(8): 499-505
3
Kubota M, Nakazaki S, Hirai S (2001).Alcohol consumption and frontal lobe shrinkage: Study of 1432 non-alcoholic subjects. J Neurosurg Psychiatry 71:104-6
4
Lieber CS (2003). Relationships between Nutrition, Alcohol Use and liver disease. Alcohol Health & Research World; 27(3):220-231
5
Mandi J, Szarka A. and Banhegyi G (2009). Vitamin C: Update on physiology and pharmacology. British Journal of Pharmacology 157:1097-1110
6
Mcdonough KH (2003). Antioxidant nutrients and alcohol. Toxicology, 189:89-97
7
Molina P, Mclain C, Villa D (2002). Molecular pathology and Clinical aspects of alcohol-induced tissue injury. Alcoholism: Clin.Exp. Res. 26(1):120-128
8
Oscar-Berman M, Hutner N (1993) Frontal lobe changes after chronic alcohol ingestion. In Hunt W.A,Nixon SJ (eds)
9
Parsons OA (1987) Intellectual impairment in alcoholics: Persistent issues. Acta Med Scand 717 (suppl)33-46 Rukkumani R, Aruna K, Suresh VP, Menon VP (2004).
10
Influence of folic acid on circulatory peroxidantantioxidant status during Alcohol and PUFA-induced toxicity. J. physiol. Pharmacol. 55(3):551-561
11
Soujanya S, Lakshman MA, Gopala R (2012)
12
Histopathological and ultrastructural changes induced by imidacloprid in brain and protective role of Vitamin C in rats. Journal.Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 4(9):4307-4318.
13
Subir KD, Hiran KR, Sukles M and Vasudevan DM (2007). Oxidative stress is the primary event: Effects of ethanol consumption in brain. Ind. J. Clin. Biochem. 22(1)99-104
14
Sullivian EA, Pfefferbaum A (2005) Neurocircuitry in alcoholism: a substrate of disruption and repair. J.Psychopharmacology 180:583-594
15
Tsukamoto H, Lu CS (2001). Current concepts in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. The FASEB J. 15: 1335-1349.
16
Tuma DJ, Casey CA (2003). Dangerous byproducts of alcohol breakdown-focus on adduct Alcohol Health & Research World. 27(4):285-290.
17
Wu D, Cederbaum AL (2003). Alcohol oxidative stress and Free Radical Damage. Alcohol Res. Health. 27(4):277- 284.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studies on Germination Properties of Spring Wheat with Treatment by Poly Amines Under Salinity Stress
Objective: In order to investigate effects of different concentrations of poly amines Sprimidin and Putrescine on germination of Arg cultivar under salinity stress. Methods: This experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replicates in agronomy and plant breeding laboratory, Agricultural department, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch in spring of 2014. First factor was four levels of salinity including S1: 3.87, S2: 5.95, S3: 10.25 and S4: 12.87 ds/m and the second factor was three levels of poly amines including H0: control (not application of poly amines), H1: Putrescine 2.5 m/mol and H2: Sprimidin 5 mmol/L. coleoptile and cleorhiza length, cleorhiza number, coleoptile, cleorhiza and seedling dry weight, Tissue water content (TWC), germination percent and number of damaged seeds were measured. Results: Analysis of variance showed that coleoptile and cleorhiza length, cleorhiza dry weight affected by salinity and hormone levels at 1% of probability level. There was no significant difference among other treatments for other properties. Results of this experiment indicated that following increasing salinity, sever reduction in germination-dependent properties were observed.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12210_e7075259ed23cec4c875e1343a7db7df.pdf
2015-03-01
19
23
Pishtaz
germination
Sprimidin
putrescine
Salinity
Neda
Ozhan
neda2460@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agronomy, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Hajibabaei
hajibabaee_m@yahoo.com
2
Department of Agronomy, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alcazar R, Marco F, Cuevas J.C, Patron M, Ferrando A, Carrasco P, Tiburcio A.F, Altabella T, 2006. Involvement of polyamines in plant response to abiotic stress. Biotechnol Lett. 28, 1867ñ1876.
1
Basalah MO, Mohammad S,1999. Effect of salinity and plant growth regulators on seed germination of Medicagosativa L. Pakistan J Biol Sci 2: 651-653
2
Gurmani AR, Bano A, Din J, Khan SU, Hussain I, 2009. Effect of phytohormones on growth and ion accumulation of wheat under salinity stress. Afr. J. Biotechnol.8, 1887ñ1894.
3
Hisamatsu T, Koshioka M, Kubota S, Fujime Y, King RW, Mander LN ,2000. The role of gibberellin in the control of growth and flowering in Matthiola incana. Physiol Plantarum 109: 97-105.
4
Iqbal M, and Ashraf M, 2010. Changes in hormonal balance: a possible mechanism of pre-sowing chillinginduced salt tolerance in spring wheat J, Agron. Crop Sci. doi: 2010. 4-34.
5
Iqbal M, and Ashraf M, 2005a. Changes in growth, photosynthetic capacity and ionic relations in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to pre-sowing seed treat- ment with polyamines. Plant Growth Regul. 46, 19ñ30
6
Khan MA, Gul B, Weber DJ, 2004. Action of plant growth regulators and salinity on the seed germination of Ceratoides lanata. Can. J. Bot. 82:37-42.
7
23 Ozhan & Hajibabaei / Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res, 2015; 3 (1), 19-23
8
Kiseleva IS, Kaminskaya OA, 2002. Hormonal regulation of assimilate utilization in barley leaves in relation to the development of their source function. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 49, 534ñ540.
9
Lehmann J, Atzorn R, Bruckner C, Reinbothe S, Leopold J, Wasternack C, Parthier B, 2000. Accumulation of jasmonate, abscisic acid, specific transcripts and proteins inosmotically stressed barley leaf segments. Planta 197: 156-162
10
Mo H, Pua EC, 2002. Up-regulation of arginine decarboxylase gene expression and accumulation of polyamines in mustard (Brassica juncea) in response to stress. Physiol. Plant 114, 439ñ449.
11
Olszewski N, Sun TP, Gubler F, 2002. Gibberellin signaling,biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways. Plant Cell. 14: 561-580
12
Tun NN, Santa-Catarina C, Begum T, Silveira V, Handro W, Floh EIS, 2006. Scherer, G.F.E.Polyamines induce rapid biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.Plant Cell Physiol 47, 346ñ354.
13
Urano K, Hobo T, Shinozaki K, 2005. Arabidopsis ADC genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis are essential for seed development. FEBS Lett. 579, 1557ñ1564.
14
Yamaguchi S, Kamiya Y, 2000. Gibberellin biosynthesis, its regulation by endogenous and environmental signals. Plant Cell Physiol 41: 251-257
15
Yoda H, Fujimura K, Takahashi H, 2009. Munemura, I.; Uchimiya, H.; Sano, H. Polyamines as a common source of hydrogen peroxide in host- and nonhost hypersensitive response during pathogen infection. Plant Mol. Biol. 70,
16
103ñ112.
17
Zhu H, Ding G H, Fang K, Zhao F G, Qin P, 2006. New perspective on the mechanism of alleviating salt stress by spermidine in barley seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation 49: 147-156.
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Metal Pollution Assessment in Soil Samples of Mining Area, Shahr-E-Babak, Iran
Objective: Metal concentrations in 53 soil samples of Shahr-e-Babak were determined. Methods: Assessment of enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index revealed higher degree of contamination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in soil samples. Moreover, results of metal fractionation study revealed high amount of Cd and Pb are associated in weakly bounds may lead to environmental risk of these metals. Results: According to the results of risk assessment code and pollution index, Cd and Pb have the high risk of release and pollution degree in soil samples of Shahr-e-Babak. A new quality index named industrial pollution index was developed based on background values of metal and their toxicity in soil samples. Results exhibits higher degree of pollution based on new index (Iind) in south-eastern and central part of the study area where is close to the main anthropogenic sources.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12211_fb00510d8fd3b09a37fb9003fd46d8d9.pdf
2015-03-01
24
34
Shahr-e-Babak
heavy metals
Soil pollution
index
Mining
Abbas Ali
Damangir
admangir@yahoo.com
1
Faculty Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran
AUTHOR
Akbar
Baghvand
baghvand@ut.ac.ir
2
Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, P.O.Box14135-6135,Tehran,Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Masoud
Monavari
monavarism@yahoo.com
3
Faculty Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran,Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Faramarz
Moattar
tajziehchi.sanaz@gmail.com
4
Faculty Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tehran,
AUTHOR
Adriano DC: Trace elements in the terrestrial environment. Springer, New York press; 2001.
1
Abrahim GMS., Parker RJ: Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Aukland, New Zealand. Environ Monit Assess 2008, 136:227-238.
2
Alloway B.J., Ayres D.C.,: Chemical principles of environmental pollution. CRC press; 2000.
3
Burt K., Wilson M.A., Keck T.J., Dougherty D.D., Strom D.E., Lindahl J.A. Trace element speciation in selected smeltercontaminated soils in Anaconda and Deer Lodge Valley, Montana, USA. Adv Environ Res 2003, 8: 51ñ67.
4
Callender G. Heavy metals in the environment, historical Trend. Treatise on Geochemistry 2003, 9: 67ñ105.
5
Calmano W., Hong J., Fˆrstner U. Binding and mobilization of heavy metals in contaminated sediments affected by pH and redox potential. Water Sci Technol 1993, 28: 223ñ235.
6
Cambier P.Evaluation of the mobility of toxic elements in contaminated soils. Anal Mag 1997, 25: 35ñ38.
7
Cezary K., Bal Ram S: Fractionation and mobility of copper, lead, and zinc in soil profiles in the vicinity of a copper smelter. J Environ Qual 2001, 30: 485ñ492.
8
Chen Q. Prevention and control of environmental pollution in agriculture. Agro-Env Protection 2003, 6: 14ñ19.
9
Chen S., Zhou Q.X., Sun L.n., Sun T.H., Chao L. Speciation of cadmium and lead in soils as affected by metal loading quantity and aging time. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2007, 78: 184-187.
10
Chopin E.I., Alloway B.J. Distribution and mobility of trace elements in soils and vegetation around the mining and smelting areas of Tharsis, Riotinto and Huelva, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Sw Spain. Water Air Soil Pollut 2007,182:
11
Chuan M.C., Shu G.Y., Liu J.C.Solubility of heavy metals in a contaminated soil: effects of redox potential and pH. Water Air Soil Pollut 1996, 90: 543ñ556.
12
Dijkstra E. A micromorphological study on the development of humus profiles in heavy metal polluted and non-polluted forest soils under Scots Pine. Geoderma 1998, 82: 341ñ358.
13
Din TB. Use of aluminum to normalize heavy metal data from estuarine and coastal sediments of straits of Melaka. Mar Pollut Bull 1992, 24: 484-491
14
Dudka S., Adriano D.C. Environmental impacts of metal ore mining and processing: a review. J Environ Qual 1997, 26:590ñ602.
15
Glasby G.P., Szefer P. Marine Pollution in Gdansk Bay, Puck Bay and the Vistula Lagoon, Poland: An Overview. Sci Total Environ 1998, 212:49-57.
16
Guo GL., Zhou Q.X., Koval P.V., Belogolova G.A. Speciation distribution of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in contaminated Phaeozem: north-east China using single and sequential extraction procedure. Aust J Soil Res 2006, 44: 135-142.
17
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The First Report of Leptus N. Sp. (Acari: Erythraeidae) as Ectoparasite of Cassida Persica Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Oil and Gas Company of Gachsaran
Mites of family Erythraeidae are parasites in their larval stage and predators in their post-larval stages on a variety of arthropods, among which are important pest species. During 2011-2013, in a faunistic survey of mites associated with beetles of the family Chrysomelidae in Oil and Gas company of Gachsaranregion, Iran. Specimens were preserved in AG (alcohol 75%, glyserin 5%), cleared in lactophenol solution and mounted by Hoyer’s medium. Mite of the genus Leptus (Acari: Erythraeidae) was removed from larva and adult of Cassida persica Spaeth (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The first time in the world C. persica was observed as a new host of Leptus n. sp. It is concluded that Leptus n. sp. can be considered as a valuable addition to the existing IPM methods for Chrysomelid control. Description of new species is in process.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12212_eec197ad7743991592898b0272b2c026.pdf
2015-03-01
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37
Acari
Erythraeidae
Leptus
Chrysomelidae
Cassida persica
Iran
Hossein
Moradian
moradian_2009@yahoo.com
1
MS in Entomology, Office of Landscape, Gachsaran Oil and Gas Producing Company (GSNISOC), Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fariborz
Nazarpoor
2
Bachelor of Industrial Management, Office of Landscape, Gachsaran Oil and Gas Producing Company (GSNISOC), Iran
AUTHOR
Hadi
Ostovan
3
Professor, Entomology Department, Agricultural faculty, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran
AUTHOR
Borowiec L. 1996. New records of Asiatic Cassidinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Anns Upper Siles Mus Entomol, 6-7: 5ñ47.
1
Qi Mu-jie, LI Cheng-de, Han Hui-Lin. 2008. Journal of Forestry 19(2): 151-153.
2
Saboori, A., Hosseini, M. & Asadi, M. 2007. Acari of Iran. Vol. 1. Publication No. 2815. University of Tehran Press, Iran.
3
Walter, D.E. & S. Latonas. 2011. Almanac of Alberta Acari Part II. Ver. 2.1.
4
Zhang, Z.-Q., Hong, X.-Y. & Fan, Q.-H. 2010. Terrestrial Parasitengona (except chiggers) of China: a review of progress in systematics and biology, with a checklist of species. Zoosymposia 4: 94ñ105.
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Climate Change and Drought-Stress on Plant Physiology
Drought is still limited in most crops is produced. Morphological and physiological knowledge to improve drought resistance under drought conditions created problems important is the fact each of these genetic relationships and processes associated with the exact amount of important plant and grain yield is unknown. The other hand, heritability of grain yield under water is reduced. Improve the performance of drought tolerant cultivars based on morphological and physiological components of plant modification as an important solution is proposed. One of the key predictions of climate change is that, in some regions, droughts are likely to increase in frequency and severity. This will have significant implications for the long-term viability of plant populations, especially where water availability plays a key role in delineating species ranges. However, while drought and overall aridity are known to be strong determinants of plant species distributions at the landscape level, much less is known about the ways in which plant populations respond to changes in drought regime, or the long-term impacts that extreme droughts have on plant community composition, structure, and function. While it is known that drought can cause significant re-structuring of plant communities, relatively few studies have quantified the environmental and biological factors that promote plant survivorship under acute moisture stress, especially in topoedaphically heterogeneous landscapes. The capacity for evolution to rescue plant populations faced with increasingly severe drought from extinction is also poorly understood. This places severe restrictions on our ability to predict the impacts of climate change on plant populations in many environments worldwide. In this paper a review Effects of climate change and Drought-stress on plant physiology.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12213_bfd4997c17931b45050b5abedfe20f6b.pdf
2015-03-01
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42
Plant
Drought
Climate
Physiology
Stress
Vahi
Alizadeh
1
Islamic Azad University, Meibod Branch, Meibod, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahid
Shokri
2
Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Soltani
3
Islamic Azad University, Meibod Branch, Meibod, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Ali
Yousefi
4
Islamic Azad University, Branch, Dezfoul, Iran
AUTHOR
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cause of massive population loss. Medical Hypotheses 65: 405-409.
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Factors Influencing Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Objective: n present study effect of various factors including sucrose, agar, PEG, AgNO3, activated charcoal on somatic embryo induction and its subsequent regeneration was investigated using varieties Dom siah and Nemat. Methods: 330 explant (Mature embryos) of each varieties were cultured, 33/plate (100 x 15 mm), on callus induction Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose, 7g/L agar and 2 mg/L 2,4-D. Results: Significant difference was observed between two variety in callus induction. Somatic embryogenesis and the plant regeneration were influenced by the genotype as well as composition of the medium used. The callus induction rate and callus morphology were different depend on genotypes. High somatic embryogenesis was obtained in medium (MS medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D) supplemented with 3 mg/L AgNO3, 9 gr/L agar and 20 gr/L PEG, respectively. The high frequency plant regeneration was achieved from both varieties in medium supplemented with 9 and 11gr/L agar and 5 mg/L AgNO3.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12214_d2222de987f25b788db11c1d2bf7e6fd.pdf
2015-03-01
43
50
Rice
Mature embryo
somatic embryogenesis
PEG
AgNO3
Activated charcoal
Hamideh
Ghobeishavi
1
Graduated of Master of Science in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Dorani Uliaie
dorani@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Siamak
Alavikia
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Valizadeh
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Aazami, M.A., Torabi, M. and Jalili, E. (2010). In vitro response of promising tomato genotypes for tolerance to osmotic stress. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 4014- 4017.
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Akter, P. and AL-Forkan, M. (2010). Assessment somatic embryogenesisi and plant regeneration from coleoptile and root tissue of Jhum rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 44: 88-95.
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Sakhanokho, H.F., Rajasekaran, K. and Kelley, R.Y. (2009).Somatic embryogenesis in Hedychium bousigonianum. Hort Science, 44: 1487-1490.
51
Sakthivelu, G., Devi, M.K.A., Giridhar, P., Rajasekaran, T., Ravishankar, G.A., Nedev, T. and Kosturkova, G. (2008). Drought-induced alterations in growth, osmotic potential and in vitroregeneration of soybean cultivars. General
52
and Applied Plant Physiology Special Issue, 34: 103- 112.
53
Shahnewaz, SH. and Bari, M. A. (2004). Effect of concentration of sucrose on the frequency of callus induction and plant regeneration in anther culture of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Tissue Culture, 14: 37-43.
54
Slesak, H. and Przywara,L. (2003). The effect of carbohydrate Source on the development Brassica napus L. Immature embryo In vitro. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 45: 183-190.
55
Tyagli, A.K., Khurana, J.P., Khurana, P., Raghuvanish, S., Gaur, A., Kapur, A., Gupte, V., Kumar, D., Ravi, V., Vij, S., Khurana, P. and Sharma, S. (2004). Structural and functional analysis of rice genome. Journal of Genetics,
56
83: 79-99.
57
Valdez, M., Garro, G. and Espinoza, A.M. (1996). Establishment of morphogenetic rice cell suspension cultures (Oryza sativa L.) in Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44-45: 593-595.
58
Vega, R., Vasquez, N., Espinoza, A.M., Gatica, A.M. and Melara, M.V. (2009). Histology of somatic embryogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa cv. 5272). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 57: 141ñ150.
59
Verma, D., JOSHI, R., Shukla, A. and Kumar, P. (2011). Protocol for in vitro somatic embryogenesis an regeneration of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian Journal for Experimental Biology, 49: 958-963.
60
Wani, S.H., Sofi, P.A., Gosal, S.S. and Singh, N.B. (2010). In vitroscreening of rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus for drought
61
tolerance. Communications in Biometry and Crop Science, 5: 108ñ115.
62
Zhang, P., Phansiri, S. and Puonti, K.J. (2001). Improvements of cassava shoot organogenesis by the use
63
of silver nitrate in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 67: 47-54.
64
Zuraida , A.R., Naziah, B., Zamri, Z. and Sreeramanan, S. (2011). Efficient plant regeneration of Malaysian indica
65
rice MR 219 and 232 via somatic embryogenesis system. Acta Physiology Plant, 33: 1913ñ1921.
66
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Irradiation’ and its Potential to Food Preservation
In spite of the technologies developed during the last decade, the level of food loss is still high and is reported in many countries. According to the United Nations, more than 30 per cent of the mortality rate world-wide is caused by alimentary diseases. The desire of most countries to make food safer for consumption requires better food preservation and production techniques. In this regard, irradiation is an interesting alternative to be considered Food irradiation is a process exposing food to ionizing radiations such as gamma rays emitted from the radioisotopes 60Co and 137Cs, high energy electrons and X-rays produced by machine sources. Some agricultural products are important commodities in international trade. The trade of these products is often seriously hampered by infestation of several species of insects and mites. The presence of parasites, some microorganisms, yeast and moulds are also the source of problems, sometimes directly or indirectly through toxin formation in the food products. Irradiation alone or combined with others processes can contribute to ensuring food safety to healthy and compromised consumers, satisfying quarantine requirements and controlling severe losses during transportation and commercialization. Depending on the absorbed radiation dose, various effects can be achieved resulting in reduced storage losses, extended shelf life and/or improved microbiological and parasitological safety of foods. However, hindering factors in the way of commercial implementation of the food irradiation process are politics and consumer advocacy. This paper reviews the application of irradiation for preserving some fruit and vegetables.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12215_7da064d8783cc392344cb1aa8d613e7a.pdf
2015-03-01
51
54
Irradiation
food
Quality
gamma ray
technology
Preservation
Mohammad Reza
Yousefi
reza_y19@yahoo.com
1
Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
AUTHOR
Ayat Mohammad
Razdari
am.razdari@gmail.com
2
Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Shahre Kord, Shahre Kord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed M. (2001). Disinfestations of stored grains, pulses, dried fruits and nuts, and other dried foods. In: Molins RA editor. Food Irradiation: Principles and Applications. New York: John 24 Wiley & Sons, Inc. p.77-
1
Ahn HJ, Kim JH, Jo C, Lee CH, Byun MW. (2002b). Reduction of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines and residual nitrite in model system sausage by irradiation . Journal of Food Science; 67:1370-3.
2
Ahn HJ, Yook HS, Rhee MS, Lee CH, Cho YJ, Byun MW. (2002a). Application of gamma irradiation on breakdown of hazardous volatile N-nitrosamines. Journal of Food Science; 67:596-9.
3
Byun MW, Jo C, Lee JW. (2006). Potential applications of ionising radiation. In: Sommers CH and Fan X editor. Food Irradiation Research and Technology. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing;. p.249-262..
4
Byun MW, Lee JW, Yook HS, Lee KH, Kim KP. (1999). Theimprovement of colour and shelf life of ham by gamma irradiation. Journal of Food Protection; 62:11626.
5
Byun MW, Lee KH, Kim DH, Kim JH, Yook HS, Ahn HJ. (2000). Effects of gamma radiation on the sensory qualities, microbiological and chemical properties of salted and fermented squid. Journal of Food Protection;
6
Diehl, J.F. (2002). Food irradiation past, present and future, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 63: 211ñ215.
7
Edwards JR and Fung DYC, (2006). Prevention and decontamination of Escherichia coliO157:H7 on raw beef carcasses in commercial beef abattoirs. Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology, 14(1): 1-95.
8
Farkas, 2014. Farkas, J., Ehlermann D.A.E. and Moh·csiFarkas Cs, Food Technologies: Food Irradiation, In Encyclopedia of Food Safety, edited by Yasmine Motarjemi, Academic Press, Waltham, Vol. 3, Pages 178- 186, ISBN 9780123786135,
9
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-378612-8.00259-6.
10
Farkas, J. (2004). Food irradiation. In A. Mozumder, & Y. Hatano (Eds.),Charged particle and photon interactions with matter(pp. 785ñ812). New York: Marcel Dekker.
11
FDA. (2004). Irradiation in the production, processing and handling of food. Federal Register, 69(246), 76844ñ 76847.
12
IFT. (1998). Radiation preservation of foods. A scientific status summary by the Institute of Food Technologists' Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition. J. Food Tech. Vol 52(1):55-62.
13
International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation (ICGFI), (1999).Facts about food irradiation.
14
Jakabi M, Gelli DS, ( 2003) Torre JCMD Rodas MAB, Franco BDGM, Destro MT,. Inactivation by ionising radiation of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Infantis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticusin oysters (Crassostrea brasiliana). Journal of Food Protection; 66(6): 1025-9.
15
Kim JH, Anh HJ, Kim DH, Jo C, Yook HS, Park HJ. (2003) Irradiation effects on biogenic amines in Korean fermented soybean paste during fermentation. Journal of Food Science; 68:80-4.
16
Lee JW, Kim JH, Yook HS, Kang KO, Lee WY, Hwang HJ. (2001) Effects of gamma radiation on the allergenicity and antigenicity properties of milk proteins. Journal of Food Protection; 64:272-6.
17
Lee JW, Yook HS, Lee KH, Kim JH, Byun MW. (2000). Conformational changes of myosine by gamma irradiation. Radiation Physics and Chemistry; 58:271-7.
18
Molins,R. A. (2001). Introduction. In R. A. Molins (Ed.),Food irradiation Principles and applications(pp. 1e21). New York: Wiley Interscience.
19
Niemira BA and Fan X. (2006). Low-dose irradiation of fresh and fresh-cut produce: Safety, sensory, and shelf life. In: Sommers CH and Fan X editor. Food Irradiation Research and Technology. Iowa: Blackwell Publishing;.
20
Peter B. R, (2014). Food irradiation Is safe: Half A century of studies Radiation Physics and Chemistry, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.05.016.
21
Talbot EA, Gagnon ER and Greenblatt J (2006). Common ground for the control of Multidrug-resistant Salmonellain ground beef. Clinical Infectious Diseases; 42(10):1455-62.
22
Thomas P. (2001a). Irradiation of fruits and vegetables. In: Molins RA editor. Food Irradiation: Principles and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.;. p.213- 40.
23
Thomas P. (2001b). Irradiation of tuber and bulb crops. In: Molins RA editor. Food Irradiation: Principles and Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.;. p.241- 272.
24
World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (1988).Food irradiation: A technique for preserving and improving the safety of food. Geneva: World Health Organization.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identify Affecting Factors on Student’s Environmental Protection Behavior
Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify affecting factors on students’ environmental protection behavior (SIPB). Methods: Statistical population of this research consisted of 1480 students in Alborz agricultural technical higher education centers. A stratified random sampling method was used to select 145 student applying Cochran's formula. The main tool to collect data was a researcher made questionnaire that Content validity of the questionnaire was approved, by a panel of experts and Exploratory factor analysis and its reliability, was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a = 0.71- 0.83). Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Results of factor analysis showed that four factors: Environmental attitudes, environmental concerns, knowledge and educational content, explained 50.92 percent of the variance in the Protective behavior variables. Results of correlation analysis indicated a positive statistically significant relationship between Environmental attitudes, environmental concerns, knowledge and educational content.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12216_60ca7ca85ef1cfa5d7d9ed9226347d67.pdf
2015-03-01
55
60
Environmental
Behavior
attitudes
Knowledge
Protective behavior
Maisam
Rafe
1
Post Graduate Student of Agricultural Education, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahman
Khosravipour
2
Associate Professor of Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources university, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sayed Ali
Moosavi
3
Post Graduate Student of Agricultural Education, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Roozbahani
roozmaryanama@gmail.com
4
M.Sc. Graduate of Agricultural Biotechnology, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdul-Wahab, S. A. (2008). A preliminary investigation into the environmental awareness of the Omani public and their willingness to protect the
1
environment. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(1), 39.
2
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.
3
Ajzen, I., & Manstead, A. S. (2007). Changing healthrelated behaviours: An approach based on the theory of planned behaviour.
4
Dibaee, Sh. & Lahijanian, A. (2009). Analyzing the secondary schools curriculum with emphases on environmental education. Journal of environmental science, 6 (3), 177-184. (In Farsi).
5
Feng, W., & Reisner, A. (2011). Factors influencing private and public environmental protection behaviors: Results from a survey of residents in
6
Shaanxi, China. Journal of environmental management, 92(3), 429-436.
7
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research.
8
Fulekar, M. H. (2014). Environment and Sustainable Development. B. Pathak, & R. K. Kale (Eds.). Springer India.
9
Gangadharappa, H., Pramod, K., & Shiva, K. H. (2007). Gastric floating drug delivery systems: A review. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and
10
Research, 41(4), 295-305.
11
Ghiasvand, J (2013). Architecture, Environment, Sustainable development. Journal of road and construction, 45, 53-56.( In Farsi)
12
Han, H. (2015). Travelers' pro-environmental behavior in a green lodging context: Converging value-belief-norm theory and the theory of planned
13
behavior. Tourism Management, 47, 164-177.
14
Huang, C.-w., Chiu, Y.-h., Fang, W.-t., & Shen, N. (2014). Assessing the performance of Taiwanís environmental protection system with a non-radial
15
network DEA approach. Energy Policy, 74, 547-556. Hurlimann, A., Dolnicar, S., & Meyer, P. (2009).
16
Understanding behaviour to inform water supply management in developed nationsña review of literature, conceptual model and research agenda.
17
Journal of environmental management, 91(1), 47-56.
18
Karimipour Zaree, A.A., Babaii Semiromi, F. & yusefi, H. (2013). Effectiveness of environmental education in citizenís awareness toward reduces the using of
19
polyethylene materials (case of study: 9 municipality of region Tehran). Journal of environmental education and sustainable development, 1 (4), 58-68. (In Farsi)
20
Khabiri, M. M., & Elahizadeh, M. (2013). Evaluated the impact of educational patterns on studentís environmental knowledge and responsibility. Journal of environmental education and sustainable development, 1 (3), 1-9. (In Farsi)
21
Marks, J. (2006). Taking the public seriously: the case of potable and non-potable reuse. Desalination, 187(1), 137-147.
22
Menegaki, A. N., Hanley, N., & Tsagarakis, K. P. (2007). The social acceptability and valuation of recycled water in Crete: A study of consumers' and farmers' attitudes. Ecological Economics, 62(1), 7-18.
23
Rafiee, H. & Amirnejad, H. (2009). Analyzing the role of education on increasing the peopleís tendency to environmental protection (case of study: Caspian Sea). Journal of environmental science, 7 (1), 95-108.
24
(In Farsi)
25
Scherb, H., & Voigt, K. (2011). Adverse genetic effects induced by chemical or physical environmental pollution. Environmental Science and Pollution
26
Research, 18(5), 695-696
27
Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. Advances in experimental social psychology, 10, 221-279.
28
Shobairi, S.M., Sarmadi, M, & Sharifian, Sh. (2010). Students and teachers training need assessment about environment in the Secondary schools. Journal of environmental science and technology, 12 (4), 143- 150. (In Farsi)
29
utku erzengin, ˆ., & Áetin teke, e. (2013). A study on developing an environmental behavior and attitude scale for university students. journal of educational & instructional studies in the world, 3(2).
30
Wenz, K. (2013). Effect of Short-Term Environmental Education on Long-Term Attitudes towards the Environment in the Preschoolerís Mind.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Economic Development and Management in Agriculture: a Brief Review
Agriculture has a key role to play in reducing poverty and hunger in many developing countries. About 75% of the world's poor live in rural areas and most are dependent on agriculture and related activities in the rural economy. For this reason the benefits for developing countries’ farmers have been shown to be substantial if OECD member countries reformed their agricultural policies. The issue of how OECD members’ agricultural policies join-up with their development commitments and policies requires decision makers’ undivided attention as the UN General Assembly meets to review progress in meeting the Millennium Development Goals and as trade negotiations progress under the Doha Development Round. At the global level the dependence of the developing world on agricultural exports creates many problems. World demand for these products tends to be both income and price inelastic. As a result, for many crops, of which the supply is also inelastic in the short-run, the growth rate of export earnings is held to a relatively low level and prices fluctuate. Efforts at diversification and commodity stabilization can be successful only if undertaken under viable international agreements. Empirical evidence on the terms of trade of the developing vis-à-vis the developed country leaves at least a presumption that they are not improving. This paper has reviewed the economic and management literature related to the role of agriculture in development.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12217_36e35dda055db225d7e217f2975807fc.pdf
2015-03-01
61
64
Agriculture
Management
Economic
development
Policy
Vahid
Shokri
1
Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Yousefi
reza_y19@yahoo.com
2
Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, Qaemshahr, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Dethier, J.J. & EffenbergeR, A. 2012. Agriculture and development: Abrief review of the literature. Economic systems, 36, 175-205.
1
Lewis, W.A. 1954. Economic development with unlimited supply of labour.
2
Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 22: 139ñ191.
3
Ranis, G. Fei, J.C.H. 1961. A theory of economic development. The American Economic Review 51, 533ñ 565.
4
Irz, X. Lin, L. Thirtle, C. Wiggins, S. 2001. Agricultural productivity growth and poverty alleviation. Development Policy Review 19: 449ñ466.
5
World Bank, 2007. World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development. World Bank/Oxford University Press, Washington, DC/Oxford.
6
JARBOE, K. P. & ALLIANCE, A. 2001. Knowledge management as an economic development strategy. Reviews of Economic Development Literature and
7
Practice, 7, 1-36.
8
Clark CC. 1940 The Conditions of Economic Progresss Macmillann Londonn. Thir Editionn 19577.
9
Anderson, K. and E. Valenzuela. 2008, Estimates of Global Distortions to Agricultural Incentives, 1955 to 2007, World Bank, Washington, DC, October 2008.
10
SAMIMI, A. J. & KHYAREH, M. M. 2012 Agriculture and Economic Growth: The Case of Iran. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering. Fardmane., 1991 ìDutch disease economics and the oil
11
syndrome: An empirical study.î World Development 19(6): 711-17.
12
Stavis, B. 1982. ëRural local governance and agricultural development in Taiwaní, in N.Uphoff (ed.), Rural Development and Local Organisation in Asia, Vol. 2: East Asia, Delhi: Macmillan.
13
ACIL Tasman, 2003. ìWater trading in Australia current and prospective products: Current trends and prospective instruments to improve water marketsî, Prepared for the Water Reform Working Group.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Study of Initial, Final and Growing Season Length in West of Iran
Objective: An increasing number of studies have reported on shifts in timing and length of the growing season, based on phonological, satellite and climatologically studies. Changes in the timing and length of the growing season (GSL) may not only have far reaching consequences for plant and animal ecosystems, but persistent increases in GSL may lead to long-term increases in carbon storage and changes in vegetation cover which may affect the climate system. With the aim of these study is an investigation the trend of time changes of starts and end season growing length in west of Iran. Methods: This investigation has presented 49 years inputs of temperature from 8 synoptic stations in west of Iran. Homogenize the series using run-test experiment were determined and accomplished in the way of auto regression from rebuilding of missed data by way of man-Kendal test the randomness of data was examined and the series that had change or trend with %5 confidence interval were recognized then with graphically man-Kendal test and moving mean of 5 year, circumstances and the start time of trend or changes were determined and the values of changes were calculated. Results: The results show more changes in series associating with start and end of temperatures.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12236_34af384910c1587a464679cafa2cb14b.pdf
2015-03-01
65
69
Growing Season
Climate change
Man-Kendal
West of Iran
Gholamali
Mozafari
1
Associate Prof, Department of Geography Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Moslem
Torki
moslemtorky@yahoo.com
2
M.Sc, Yazd University and Chaharmahal & Bakhtyari Metrological Office’s Expert, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Dai, X., Manskell, K., Johnson, C.A. (2001), Climate Change: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the
1
International Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, p. 881.
2
Chmielewski, F.-M., Rˆtzer, T., 2001. Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agric. For. Meteorol. 108, 101ñ112.
3
Robeson, S.M., 2002. Increasing growing-season length in Illinois during the 20th century. Climatic Change 52, 219ñ 238.
4
Chen, X.Q., Hu, B., Yu, R., 2005. Spatial and temporal variation of phenological growing season and climate change impacts in temperate eastern China. Global Change Biol. 11, 1118ñ1130.
5
Linderholm, H.W., Walther, A., Chen, D.L., 2008. Twentieth-century trends in the thermal growing season in the Greater Baltic Area. Climatic Change 87, 405ñ419.
6
Song, Y.L., Linderholm, H.W., Chen, D.L., Walther, A., 2010. Trends of the thermal growing season in China, 1951ñ 2007. Int. J. Climatol. 30, 33ñ43.
7
Jeong, S.J., Ho, C.H., Gim, H.J., Brown, M.E., 2011. Phenology shifts at start vs end of growing season in temperate vegetation over the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1982ñ2008. Global Change Biol. 17, 2385ñ
8
Tayanc, M., Karaca, M., Yenigun, O., 1997. Annual and seasonal air temperature trend patterns of climate change and urbanization effects in relation to air pollutants in Turkey. Journal of Geophysical Research
9
102 (D2), 1909ñ1919.
10
Zhang, X., Harvey, K.D., Hogg, W.D., Yuzyk, T.R., 2001. Trends in Canadian streamflow. Water Resources Research 37 (4), 987ñ998.
11
Kahya, E., Kalayc˝, S., 2004. Trend analysis of streamflow in Turkey. Journal of Hydrology 289, 128ñ144.
12
Lins, H.F., Slack, J.R., 1999. Streamflow trends in the United States. Geophysical Research Letters 26 (2), 227ñ230.
13
Lins, H.F., Slack, J.R., 2005. Seasonal and regional characteristics of US streamflow trends in the United States from 1940 to 1999. Physical Geography 26 (6), 489ñ501.
14
Partal, T., Kahya, E., 2006. Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data. Hydrological Processes 20, 2011ñ 2026.
15
Aziz, O.I.A., Burn, D.H., 2006. Trends and variability in the hydrological regime of the Mackenzie River basin. Journal of Hydrology 319, 282ñ294.
16
Burn, D.H., 2008. Climatic influences on streamflow timing in the headwaters of the Mackenzie River basin. Journal of Hydrology 352, 225ñ238.
17
Menzel, A., Fabian, P., 1999. Growing season extended in Europe. Nature 397, 659. me.html.
18
changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 83, 77ñ88. Kendall, M.G., 1975. Rank Correlation Measures. Charles
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Climate Effects on Corn Yield in Kermanshah Provinceby
Objective: Understanding climate effects on crop yield has been a continuous endeavor aiming at improving farming technology and management strategy, minimizing negative climate effects, and maximizing positive climate effects on yield. Methods: In order to evaluate agroclimate of Corn cultivation throughout the selected substations at Kermanshah province in this current investigation, the statistics data related to daily temperatures within a 10- year statistical period were employed. Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) technique, Growing Degree Day (Active Day Temperature), and thermal gradient methods have been adapted for computation and agroclimatic analysis. Results: The results of this study indicate that the optimal date for cultivation of Corn in high and cold- weather lands (Kermanshah and Eslamabad West) is the of June. Temperature gradient analysis and DOP technique in various heights at the studied region may show that there is one month postponement in deviation from the optimum conditions for optimal cultivation per 100m increase in height of given region. This point is important in terms of date of cultivation and production of commercial product. According to the acquired farming calendar, of June is the most appropriate time for cultivation in this area and thus date of harvest will be the end of September.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12237_e232b23dfafee36ce7f6c412bc3d8f1f.pdf
2015-03-01
70
74
Agroclimate
corn
Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP)
Kermanshah
Zohreh
Nabipour
zohreh_baniabbass@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D Student, Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzad
Paknejad
2
Asistant Professor, Agriculture Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Allmaras, R. R., W. C. Burrwows, and W. E. Larson, 1964: Early growth of corn affected by soil temperature. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J., 28, 271ñ275.
1
Davis, F. E., and J. E. Pallesen, 1940: Effect of the amount and distribution of rainfall and evaporation during the growing season on yields of corn and spring wheat. J. Agric. Res., 60, 1ñ23.
2
Coelho, D. T., and R. F. Dale, 1980: An energy crop-growth variable and temperature function for predicting corn growth and development: Planting to silking. Agron. J., 72, 503ñ510.
3
Huff, F. A., and J. C. Neill, 1982: Effects of natural climatic fluctuations on the temporal and spatial variation in crop yields. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 540ñ550.
4
Offutt, S. E., P. Garcia, and M. Pinar, 1985: Potential benefits to agriculture of augmenting precipitation. J. Wea. Mod., 17, 23ñ29.
5
Runge, E. C., 1968: Effect of rainfall and temperature interaction during the growing season on corn yield. Agron. J., 60, 503ñ 507.
6
Smith, J. W., 1903: Relation of precipitation to yield of corn. USDA Yearbook 1903, USDA, 215ñ224., 1914: The effect of weather upon the yield of corn. Mon. Wea. Rev., 42, 78ñ87.
7
Voss, R. E., J. J. Hanway, and W. A. Fuller, 1970: Influence of soil management and climatic factors on the yield response by corn to N, P, and K fertilizer. Agron. J., 62, 736ñ740.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation the Concentration of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of Zayandehrood River Bed
Objective: Zayandehrood habitat has economical and environmental importance in central plateau of Iran and it performs a vital role for habitants, agriculture section and the industries which are located along river bed. So current research has been done to measure the contamination of heavy metals, its changes along the river route and defining the important and effective regions on this contamination. It was defined and stations of sampling along the zayandehrood river route to gain this aim. Methods: The samples were taken from the depth of 30 to 50 cm of the substances which are located in river bed. In each sample, the absorbable thickness and whole metals of Lead, Cadmium, Cobalt, Nickel and Copper were measured. The maximum thickness for all studied elements in this station was observed after Isfahan city (Isfahan-Yazd Highway Bridge). Among these heavy elements, the thickness absorbance amount for lead metal in 6 stations was in toxic amount. The thickness of Cobalt in 5 stations and Copper in one station was in toxic amount. The absorbance amount of lead in Dorche bridge was 2.5 times and in Yazd-Isfahan Highway Bridge was 3.5 times more than the toxic amount. Results: According to the results of this research and according to other researcher’s studies, Cadmium metal which has special importance because of its pollution on the environment has pot and toxicity along the river route, but the studies have been done via other researches in Gavkhooni pond, have registered the toxicity amount of this element. we can conclude that Isfahan city and also the region which is the center of big industrial factories near Nekouabad Dam and Polchalleh, have the most pollutant effects on zayandehrood habitants.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12238_2c4a97218dcd30d1a16feb6dc21001ea.pdf
2015-03-01
75
81
pollution
River bed
Zayandehrood
heavy metals
environment
Ali
Izadi Ghorveh
1
Student of Agroecology. College of Agriculture, Karaj Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Solhi
msolhi@yahoo.com
2
Assistant Professor of Soil and Water Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hamid
Ghaiumi Mohammadi
3
Assistant Professor of Soil and Water Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Vazan
4
Assistant Professor of Agronomy Department, Collage of Agriculture, Azad Karaj University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Alina KP, 2011, Trace Elements in Soil and Plants, Forth Edition, Taylor and Francis Press
1
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52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of ICT in Sustainable Urban Development by Using Model SWOT
Information and communication technologies are the most recent scientific achievements of mankind's ability seems to have much to offer society and are expected to be useful in solving the problems of human society. Many around the world believe that accelerates the process of adjustment in the exchange of knowledge and information through information and communication technologies a vital role in achieving sustainable development, human resources development and will play. Nowadays, information and communication technology (ICT), as the most important factor in the development of the world is hardware. Gains resulting from the negligence of such a life are incorporated it comes in different divisions. Due to the increasing information and communication Fnavrhay ICT in cities and the rise of the information age, the need for applying this technology to achieve sustainable development is strongly felt. In this research discusses the necessity of using information technology in urban management issues in order to achieve sustainable development: social, economic, environmental and physical towns mentioned. Documents and content analysis is a research method and Strategic SWOT descriptive model to evaluate internal and external opportunities and threats of the use of ICT in cities is discussed. Of this research is that the coordination of information and communication technologies lack of infrastructure development with other programs and provides technical and socio-economic impacts of sustainable development will be a lot.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12239_28786e3a91c8fd97b788f7b9e99669c5.pdf
2015-03-01
82
86
Sustainable urban
ICT strategic
SWOT Model
Mandana
Saniee
mandanasaniee@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor of Communications at Department of Mass Communication Faculty of Humanities, Shargh Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alawadhi, S., Aldama-Nalda, A., Chourabi, H., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Leung, S., Mellouli, S., Nam, T., Pardo, T., Scholl, H. J., and Walker, S. (2012). Building Understanding of Smart City Initiatives. 11th IFIP EGOV 2012, 40-53.
1
Baskerville, R. (2012). Editorial: Reviving the IT in the IS. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(6), 587-591.
2
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T., and Scholl, H.J. (2012). Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework. 45th Hawaii International Conference on System
3
Sciences, pp. 2289-2297.
4
Dedrick, J. (2010). Green IS: Concepts and Issues for Information Systems Research. Communications of the Association of Information Systems, 27(11), 173-184.
5
Holden, M., Roseland, M., Ferguson, K., and Perl, A. (2008). Seeking urban sustainability on a world stage. Habitat International, 32(3), 305-317.
6
Jenkin, T.A., Webster, J., and McShane, L. (2011). An agenda for ëGreení information technology and systems research. Information and Organization, 21(1), 17-40.
7
Kievani, R. (2010). Reflections on Rio: perpsectives on the World Urban Forum 5. International
8
Meville, N.P. (2010). Information Systems Innovation for Environmental Sustainability. MIS Quarterly, 34(1), 1-21.
9
Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., and Georgakopoulos, D. (2013). Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by Internet of Things.
10
Transactions of Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Special Issue - Smart Cities (published
11
Schaffers, H., Ratti, C., and Komninos, N. (2012). Special Issue on Smart Applications for Smart Cities ñ New Approaches to Innovation: Guest Editors' Introduction. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce
12
Research, 7(3), II-V.
13
Walsham, G. (2012). Are we making a better world with ICTs? Reflections on a future agenda for the IS field. Journal of Information Technology, 27(2), 87-93.
14
Watson, R.T., Boudreau, M-C., and Chen A.J. (2010). Information Systems and Environmentally Sustainable Development: Energy Informatics and new Directions for the IS Community. MIS Quarterly, 34(1), 23-38.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analyzing the Role of Motivation Factors in Herzberg’s Theory on Teacher’s Job Satisfaction (Case Study: Elementary Schools in Talesh City)
Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyzing the role of motivation factors in Herzberg’s theory on teacher’s job satisfaction. Methods: The population of this study consisted of elementary school teachers in Talesh city (N=850), that 265 of them selected as the sample by using the systematic random sampling. The data collection tool was questionnaire that it's face and content validity from different sectors were approved by panel of experts and that’s reliability approved by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.78). Results of descriptive statistics showed that teacher’s job satisfaction in general were in the low level (36.2 percent). Results: Results of correlation coefficient indicated that there was a significant and positive correlation between job satisfaction and job feedback, job characteristics, opportunities for advancement, appreciation and recognition, training and development and responsibility. Results of stepwise multiple regressions showed that appreciation and recognition, job characteristic, job feedback and opportunities for advancement variables in four steps entered into the regression equation and were explained 69/6% of job satisfaction variance.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12365_28f8d73d3555a16895616ea3b25980d3.pdf
2015-03-01
87
92
Job Satisfaction
Work motivation
Talesh City
Herzberg theory
Sohail
Nosraty
1
Post Graduate Students of Agricultural Education, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahman
Khosravipour
2
Science Assistant of Agricultural Extension and Education Department, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Feyzallah
Monavvarifard
monavvarifard@ut.ac.ir
3
Post Graduate Students of Agricultural Education, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fahimeh
Hamidi
4
M.sc. Graduate of Public Administration, Azad University, Astara, Iran
AUTHOR
Laleh
Salehi
lsalehi@ut.ac.ir
5
Ph.D of Agricultural Extension, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Development, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alniacik, U., alniacik, e., akcin, k., & erat, s. (2012). Relationships between career motivation, affective commitment and job satisfaction. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 58, 355-362.
1
Ashkar, S. (2004). Analyzing the factors that affecting on expert of fisher extension. Available in Tehran university.
2
Bahadory, M. K., Babaei, M., & Mehrabian, F. (2012). Prioritization of factors that influencing on employees motivation at a military centers based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Journal of military medicine, 14(4).
3
Bazan, k. (2009). Motivation and job satisfaction: crucial factors that impact employeesílong term job satisfaction and personal growth.
4
Castillo jx, cano j.2004. Factors explaining jab satisfaction among faculty, journal of agricultural education, 45(3),65-74.
5
Cristina-corina, b. (2012). Some determinative factors for teachersí job motivation. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 47, 1638-1642.
6
Dinham, s, scott, c (1998a), "a three domain model of teacher and school executive satisfaction", journal of educational administration, 36(4),362-78.
7
Dinham, s., & scott, c. (2000). Moving into the third, outer domain of teacher satisfaction. Journal of educational administration, 38(4), 379-396.
8
Gangadharappa, H., Pramod, K., & Shiva, K. H. (2007). Gastric floating drug delivery systems: A review. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,41(4), 295-305.
9
Griva, e., panitsidou, e., & chostelidou, d. (2012). Identifying factors of job motivation and satisfaction of foreign language teachers: research project design. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 46, 543-547.
10
Igalens, j., & roussel, p. (1999). A study of the relationships between compensation package, work motivation and job satisfaction. Journal of organizational behavior, 20(7), 1003-1025.
11
Keshtkaran, a., kharazmi, a., & yoosefi, s. (2006). A study on incentive needs for nursing staffs in selected teaching hospitals of universities of medical sciences according maslow's needs hierarchy (2007). Journal of health
12
administration, 9(24), 45-50.
13
Khalatbari, j., ghorbanshiroudi, s., & firouzbakhsh, m. (2013). Correlation of job stress, job satisfaction, job motivation and burnout and feeling stress. Procediasocial and behavioral sciences, 84, 860-863.
14
Kim, d. (2006). Employee motivation:" just ask your employees".
15
Li, ma., shnanghog, qi., (2010). Customer satisfacation and service system based on motive- hygiene throry, social and behavior scienes.
16
Mullins, l. J. (2007). Management and organisational behaviour: pearson education.
17
Ritz, a. (2009). Public service motivation and organizational performance in swiss federal government. International review of administrative sciences, 75(1),53-78.
18
Roos, w., & van eeden, r. (2008). The relationship between employee motivation, job satisfaction and corporate culture: empirical research. Sa journal of industrial psychology, 34(1), 54-63.
19
Salanova, a., & kirmanen, s. (2010). Employee satisfaction and work motivation. Unpublished bachelor thesis, mikkeli university of applied sciences, finland, 81.
20
Saleem, r., mahmood, a., & mahmood, a. (2010). Effect of work motivation on job satisfaction in mobile telecommunication service organizations of pakistan.
21
International journal of business and management, 5(11), p213.
22
Salma, g., & sajid, m. A. (2012). Teacherís motivation & job satisfaction.
23
Scheerens, j. (2009). Informal learning of active citizenship at school: springer.
24
Schwartzmiller, a. M. (2005). Job satisfaction of injured and non-injured hospital employees as measured by the minnesota satisfaction questionnaire (msq). University of pittsburgh.
25
Singh, s., & tiwari, v. (2012). Relationship between motivation and job satisfaction of the white collar employees: a case study. Management insight, 7(2).
26
Stringer, c., didham, j., & theivananthampillai, p. (2011). Motivation, pay satisfaction, and job satisfaction of frontline employees. Qualitative research in accounting & management, 8(2), 161-179.
27
Tella, a., ayeni, c., & popoola, s. (2007). Work motivation, job satisfaction, and organisational commitment of library personnel in academic and research libraries in oyo state, nigeria. Library philosophy and practice (ejournal), 118.
28
Van der ploeg, j., & scholte, e. (2003). Handleiding voor leerkrachten in het basis-en voorgezet onderwijs. Houten/antwerpen: bohnstafleu van loghum.
29
Van wyk, c. (2011). Evaluating motivational levels of employees in a contemporary south african organisation. Nelson mandela metropolitan university.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance Comparison of Gaussian and Elliptic High Pass Filter
In this paper, Gaussian and elliptic high pass filters are analyzed for image sharpening qualitatively and quantatively . The filters are implemented in frequency domain using matlab software. Experiments are performed to compare the performance of both the filters ,processed images are presented. The results demonstrate that elliptic yields better results.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12397_896340452955d551f022016835898edf.pdf
2015-03-01
93
96
Gaussian
Elliptic Image sharpening
Frequency Domain
High pass filter
Anush
Dogra
anushdogra17@gmail.com
1
Btech Student (Ece), India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ayush
Dogra
2
M.Tech (Ece), India
AUTHOR
Ayush Dogra, Dr. Manjeet Singh Patterh; "Performance Comparison of Gaussian and Butterworth High Pass Filters", Punjabi University, Patiala (Punjab), India, International Journal of innovations in Engineering and
1
Management, vol.2; No2: ISSN: 2319-3344(JulyDec.2013).
2
B. Girod, ìWhatís wrong with mean-squared error,î in Digital Images and Human Vision (A. B. Watson, ed.), pp. 207ñ220, the MIT press, 1993.
3
DOGRA, AYUSH, and PARVINDER BHALLA. "Image Sharpening By Gaussian And Butterworth High Pass Filter."
4
Dogra, A., and M. S. Patterh. "CT and MRI Brain Images Registration for Clinical Applications." J Cancer Sci Ther 6 (2014): 018-026.
5
DOGRA, AYUSH, and PARVINDER BHALLA. "CT and MRI Brain Images Matching Using Ridgeness Correlation."
6
DOGRA, AYUSH, and PARVINDER BHALLA ëí An efficient data level fusion of multimodal medical images by cross scale fusion ruleííissue 4, vol.5 (September-october 2014)
7
Feature Based Matching of CT & MRI Brain Images Ayush dogra GJMR (2013) Volume 13 Issue 2; 1- 3.Category: WL 368 · Added: Feb 9th, 2014
8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_filter
9
mathwork, accelerating the pace of engineering
10
andsciencehttp://www.mathworks.in/help/vision/ref/p snr.html
11
Wong Y., ìImage Enhancement by Edge- Preserving Filtering,î in Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, USA, pp. 522-524, 1994.
12
Yusuf, Nijad, Sara Tedmory ìExploiting hybrid methods for enhancing digital X-ray imagesî.The International Arab Journal of Information Technology,
13
Vol. 10, No.1, January 2013.
14
Zwirn G. and Akselrod S., ì A Histogram- Based Technique for Echocardiographic Image Enhancement,î IEEE Journal of Computers in Cardiology, vol. 31, pp. 81-84,2004.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Field Size and Distance from the Field Center on Neutron Contamination in Medical Linear Accelerator
Objective: Using Megavoltage photons generated by medical linear accelerator is a common modality for the treatment of malignant. The crucial problem for using photon beams >8MV is the photoneutron yields that increase the risk of secondary cancer that treated with high-energy photon beams. The contaminated neutrons produced in different components of the accelerator head and rely on many parameters. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of field size on the neutron dose equivalent in center and far from it at the Elekta Sl 75/25 18 MV linear accelerator. Methods: Neutron dosimetry was carried out with CR-39 films with using of chemical etching technique. The measurement was done at isocenter, 25 cm and 50 cm far from it at 100 cm SSD for squared field with 5 up to 30 cm side. Results: The results revealed that the neutron dose equivalent increased with increasing field sizes especially for 5*5 cm2 field size. It was decreased with increasing distance from the isocenter.Conclusion:The effect of field size on neutron contamination depend on amount of field aperture where in small field size 5×5 cm2 less variation need for significant change but for larger field size 10×10 cm2 this variation must be larger. The contaminated neutron outside photon field is independent of field size.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_12651_9bd8d6ce44c8bdc393682a81f30874b9.pdf
2015-03-01
97
104
Medical linear accelerator
Photon field size
Neutron contamination
CR-39 dosimeter
Mahdi
Jahangiri
1
Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Payman
Hejazi
hejazip@semums.ac.ir
2
Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Mehdi
Hashemi
3
Second Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, Karaj Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbass
Haghparast
4
Department of Medical Physics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Bardia
Hajizadeh
5
Medical Radiation Physics Calibration Laboratory of NRPD–Atomic Energy Organization of Iran
AUTHOR
Al-ghamdi, H., Fazal ur, R., Al-Jarallah, M. I., Maalej, N. (2008). Photoneutron Intensity Variation with Field Size Around Radiotherapy Linear.
1
Facure, A., Falcao, R. C., Silva, A. X., Crispim, V. R., Vitorelli, J. C. (2005). A study of neutron spectra from medical linear accelerators. Appl Radiat Isot, 62(1), 69-72.
2
Ghavami, S.M., Mesbahi, A., Mohammadi, E. (2010). The impact of automatic wedge filter on photoneutron and photon spectra of an 18-MV photon beam. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 138(2), 123-128.
3
Ghiasi, H., Mesbahi, A. (2010). Monte Carlo characterization of photoneutrons in the radiation therapy with high energy photons: a Comparison between simplified and full Monte Carlo models. Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 8 (3), 187-193.
4
Hashemi, S. M., Hashemi-Malayeri, B., Raisali, G., Shokrani, P., Sharafi, A. (2007). A study of the photoneutron dose equivalent resulting from a Saturne 20 medical linac using Monte Carlo method. NUKLEONIKA, 52(1), 39−43.
5
Hashemi, S. M., Hashemi-Malayeri, B., Raisali, G., Shokrani, P., Sharafi, A. A., Torkzadeh, F. (2008). Measurement of photoneutron dose produced by wedge filters of a high energy linac using polycarbonate films. J Radiat Res, 49(3), 279-283.
6
Kim, H. S., Park, Y. H., Koo, B. C., Kwon, J. W., Lee, J. S., Choi, H. S. (2007). Evaluation of the photoneutron field produced in a medical linear accelerator. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 123(3), 323-328.
7
Mao, X. S., Kase, K. R., Liu, J. C., Nelson, W. R., Kleck, J. H., Johnsen, S. (1997). Neutron sources in the Varian Clinac 2100C/2300C medical accelerator calculated by the EGS4 code.. Health Phys, 72(4), 524-529.
8
Mesbahi, A. (2009). A Monte Carlo study on neutron and electron contamination of an unflattened 18-MV photon beam. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 67(1), 55-60.
9
Mesbahi, A., Ghiasi, H., Mahdavi, S. R. (2010a). Photoneutron and capture gamma dose equivalent for different room and maze layouts in radiation therapy. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 140(3), 242-249.
10
Mesbahi, A., Keshtkar, A., Mohammadi, E., Mohammadzadeh, M. (2010b). Effect of wedge filter and field size on photoneutron dose equivalent for an 18MV photon beam of a medical linear accelerator. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 68(1), 84-89.
11
Ongaro, C., Zanini, A., Nastasi, U., Rodenas, J., Ottaviano, G., Manfredotti, C. (2001). Analysis of photoneutron spectra produced in medical accelerators (vol 45, pg L55, 2000). Physics in Medicine and Biology, 46(3), 897-897.
12
Rudd, P. J., Prior, D., Austin-Smith, S. (2007). Neutron contamination of 10 MV X-rays: its relevance to treatment room door and maze design. Br J Radiol, 80(954), 469-475.
13
Sohrabi, M., & Mostofizadeh, A. (1999). Measurement of photoneutron doses in and out of high-energy X-ray beam of a SATURNE-20 medical linear accelerator by ECE polycarbonate detectors. Radiat Meas, 31(1), 479-482.
14
Vega-Carrillo, H., & Baltazar-Raigosa, A. (2011). Photoneutron spectra around an 18 MV LINAC. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 287(1), 323-327.
15
Zabihzadeh, M., Ay, M. R., Allahverdi, M., Mesbahi, A., Mahdavi, S. R., Shahriari, M. (2009). Monte Carlo estimation of photoneutrons contamination from high-energy X-ray medical accelerators in treatment room and maze: a simplified model. Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 135(1), 21-32.
16
Zanini, A., Durisi, E., Fasolo, F., Ongaro, C., Visca, L., Nastasi, U., Burn, K.W., Scielzo, G., Adler, J. O., Annand, J. R. M., Rosner, G. (2004). Monte Carlo simulation of the photoneutron field in linac radiotherapy treatments with different collimation systems. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 49(4).
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis Students’ Motivation in Vocational Schools and Agricultural Training Centers in Kermanshah Province toward Studying the Field of Agriculture
Objective: Today people are aware of the important role of agriculture as a vital source in their life. Development in agriculture and making healthy food for human, needs trained man. Vocational schools and agricultural training centers provided the first stage for arriving at this purpose. One of the reasons for the weak influence of agricultural training centers in creating occupational opportunities for students is lack of motivation in students that prevents acquiring skills and technologies that are necessary for doing agricultural occupations and businesses. Methods: Therefore, this research devoted to introducing motivations of students in vocational schools and agricultural training centers of Kermanshah for education in the field of agriculture with the method of descriptive-correlation. Sampling method was random-classification approach (based on training centers and agricultural school centers) and the number of each class members was specified using appropriate appointment method. To specify motivation factor among students discovery factor Analysis (EFA) method was used. Results: Analyzing data by SPSS software show that there is no difference between students in vocational schools and agricultural training centers about training motivation in the field of agriculture so that: the most motivation of students in agricultural training centers toward education in the fields of agriculture is interest in promotion of information and knowledge about agriculture and acquiring skills and technology for the future occupation. Also, most of these students are interested in continuing this field of study in the university. In the case of vocational school students, the first motivation of these students in educating in the field of agriculture is acquiring skills and technology for the future job and most of these students are interested in continuing their studies in the field of agriculture.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_14074_ce15bd7529cd8dc1bd01864bf2155a9d.pdf
2015-03-01
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114
Motivation
Student
Agricultural school
Agricultural training center
Masoumeh
Taghibaygi
1
Post Graduate Student of Agricultural Education, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Maisam
Rafe
roozmarianama@yahoo.com
2
Post Graduate Student of Agricultural Education, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sayed Ali
Moosavi
3
Post Graduate Student of Agricultural Education, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Esters, L. T., & Bowen, B. E., (2004). Factors Influencing Enrollment in an Urban Agricultural Education Program. Journal of Career and Technical Education. 21(1),
1
Hoover, T.S., & Scanlon, D.C. (1991). Enrollment Issues in Agricultural Education Programs & FFA Membership. Journal of Agricultural Education. 2-10.
2
Hossaini,S.M&Yaghobi.J2005.Survey barriers to entreprenurship in agricultural.hig her education&strategles to its strengthen proceedings of
3
conference on Agricultural Education.Tehran. Kiamanesh,A.Mehr
4
mohamadi,M.&Asgari.M.A1995,Evaluation of a new secondary education system,organization of research and curriculum development ministry Education.
5
Marshall, T., Herring, D., & Briers, G. (1992). Factors Associate with Enrollment in Agricultural Science and Membership in the FFA in Texas. Journal of Agricultural
6
Education. 17-23.
7
Maslow, A. H., (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review. 50(4), 1 – 21
8
McClelland, D.C. (1985). Human Motivation. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, NY.
9
Moazen, Z.; Movahedmohamady, H.; Rezvanfar, A. &Mirtorabi, M. (2011). Factors that affect job performance trainers agricultural schools. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 1(5), 115-134.
10
Nasisi.A.2000,Survey failure of communication education system and employment and its ways to improve.schoolpublications,Tehran.
11
Shariatzadeh,A2006TSecondary Education system compatible with market expectations,Journal of Research and planning in higher Educational(4).
12
Reis, R., &Kahler, A.A., (1997). Factors Influencing Enrollment in Agricultural Education Programs as Expressed by Iowa Secondary Agricultural Education
13
Students. Journal of Agricultural Education. 38(2), 38-48.
14
Rohs, F. R., & Anderson, K. S., (2001). Motivational Needs of Middle Grade Students Enrolled in Agricultural Education in Georgia. Journal of Agricultural Education. 42(3), 42 – 52.
15
Rismanchian.M2008,Alook at Agricultural education, Roshed of technical and vocational education,314.
16
Sutphin, H. D., & Newsom – Stewart, M., (1995). Student’s Rationale for Selection of Agriculturally Related Courses in High School by Gender and Ethnicity. Journal of Agricultural Education. 36(2), 54 – 61.
17
Soleimani, A., Zarafshani, Q. (2010). Measuring Validity of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by the Vocational Agricultural High School Teachers in West of Iran, Management of Agricultural Education, 14.
18
Saadi, H., Latifi, S. (2012). Defect and Remedies of Agricultural Education Centers (AECs), Hamedan Province. Journal of Agricultural Economics and
19
Development Research, 42-2 (4), 669-679.
20
Talbert, B. A., &Balschweid, M. A., (2004). Engaging Students in the Agricultural Education Model: factors Affecting Student Participation in the National FFA Organization. Journal of Agricultural Education. 45(1), 29– 41.
21
Talbert, B. A., &Larke, Jr., A., (1995). Factors Influencing Minority and Non-Minority Students to Enroll in an Introductory Agriscience Course in Texas. Journal of Agricultural Education. 36(1), 38 - 45.
22
Turner, J. &Herren, R. V. (1997) Motivational Needs of Students Enrolled in Agricultural Education Programs in Georgia. Journal of Agricultural Education. 38(4), 30-41.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Economic Analysis of Horticultural Crop Production at Various Levels of Mechanization (Case Study: Ghazvin Province
Objective: Economic analysis was performed for the main horticultural crops in Buin Zahra (pistachio, peach, nectarine, and apple). There were dependent and independent variables in this research. Methods: The independent variables were planting method (mechanized and conventional), land area used for fruit production, and land ownership. The maximum energy used, mostly in the form of fossil fuels, was in peach production. The two-stage simple random sampling method was employed. Random sampling is, in fact, the easiest sampling method, and the obtained results are reliable and generalizable to the whole society if the sampling principles are followed. Results: Results showed the best economic performance indicator (2.55 with the profit to cost indicator of 2.93) belonged to pistachio orchards, while apple, peach, and nectarine (with economic performance indicators of 1.83, 1.67, and 1.27, respectively) ranked second to fourth. The maximum ratio of profit to cost (2.93) was that of pistachio, which also had the largest energy ratio (with apple and peach ranking second and third with 2.15 and 2.08, respectively).
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_14075_b9f709c2ac6c0b4f94a5b461e07b9ae2.pdf
2015-03-01
115
118
Economic Analysis
Ghazvin
Horticultural crops
Mechanization
Houshang
Ordikhani
1
Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
AUTHOR
Iraj
Ranjbar
2
Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Ghahderijani
ghahderijani2005@yahoo.com
3
Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Gholami Parashkoohi
4
Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mrini M, Senhaji F. and Pimentel D. 2001. Energy analysis of sugar beet production under traditional and intensive farming systems and impacts on sustainable agriculture in Moroco. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture.; 20 (4):5 –28.
1
Uhlin H. Why energy productivity is increasing: an I–O analysis of Swedish agriculture. Agric Syst 1998;56(4):443–465.
2
McLaughlin, N.B., B.A. Grant, D.J. King and G.J. Wall. 1997.Energy inputs for a combined tillage and liquid manure .injection system. Canadian Agricultural
3
Engineering 39(4):289-295.
4
Swanton, C.J., S.D. Murphy, D.J. Hume and D.R. Clements. 1996.Recent improvements in the energy efficiency of agriculture:Case studies from Ontario, Canada.Agricultural Systems .52:399-418.
5
Conforti, P. and M. Giampietro , 1997. Fossil energy use in agricultyre : An international comparison. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Vul. 65.231-243
6
Safa., M and Tabatabaeefar,A. 2002. Energy consumption in wheat production in irrigated and dry land farming. IN: Proc.Intl.Agric, Engg. Conf, Wuxi, China, Now, 28-30,2002.
7
FAO (1977) production yearbook 1976.vpl . 30.
8
FAO.U.N.Rome Pathak B.S. and Binning , A.S.1985.Energy use pattern and potential for energy saving in rice and wheat cultivation .Agric .Energy , 4:67-78.
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Singh , Surendera , Singh , Sarjinder and Mittal , J.P.1978.
10
Fortier energy use for the cultivation of wheat crop in panjab .Energy conservation & Management .vol.39, No5/6:481-491.
11
Singh, Surendera , verma , S.R. and Mittal J.p.1997 . Energy requirements for production of major crops in india. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and latin America , 28 (4) : 13-17.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Screening Drought-Tolerant Genotypes in Chickpea using Stress Tolerance Score (STS) Method
Objective: In order to study genetic variation and effect of drought stress on grain yield and some morphological traits in chickpea, an experiment was conducted on 64 genotypes during 2013-2014 cropping season at deputy of Kermanshah Sararood Dry Land Agricultural Research Institute, located on the western part of Iran. Methods: The experimental design was a randomized lattice design with tow replications under two complementary irrigation and dryland conditions. Six drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), harmonic mean productivity (HMP), were calculated and adjusted based on grain yield under drought (Ys) and irrigated conditions (Yp). Results: Results of ANOVA under two complementary irrigation and dryland conditions revealed significant differences among genotypes for YLD, NPMP and NSPP. In dryland condition all of tolerance indices except SSI*TOL have significant negative correlation with SSI index and the rest of indices except TOL*YS, HMP*TOL and YI*TOL show positive correlation. The first two components explained 95.8% of total variation between the data. Based on biplot the genotypes 40 and 63 were superior genotypes under both stress and non-stress conditions. These genotypes had stable performance in the circumstances of low sensitivity to drought stress. Genotypes 29, 55, 56, 57, 45 and 16 had a relatively low yield and they are sensitive to drought stress. In conclusion, this study showed that the effect of drought stress on grain yield was varied which suggested genetic variability for drought tolerance in this materials. Therefore, breeders can select better genotypes based on indices and a combination of different methods of selection.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_14253_6ad5724c824e59ef199882a9e215b641.pdf
2015-03-01
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128
Biplot
Chickpea
Drought indices
Grain yield
Stress Tolerance Score (STS)
Moein
Rezai
1
Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Department of Agronomy, Borujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbar
Shabani
ashabani51@yahoo.com)
2
Deputy of Kermanshah Sararood Dry Land Agricultural Research Institute, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahram
Nakhjavan
3
Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Department of Agronomy, Borujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Zebarjadi
4
Razi Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad, R., Qadir, S., Ahmad, N. and Shah, K. (2003). Yield potential and stability of nine wheat varieties under water stress conditions. Int. J. Agric. Biol, 5: 7-9.
1
Arumuganathan, K. and Earle, E. (1991). Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species. Plant molecular biology reporter, 9: 208-218.
2
Cai, H., Tian, S., Liu, C. and Dong, H. (2011). Identification of a MYB3R gene involved in drought, salt and cold stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gene, 485: 146-152.
3
Clarke, J. M., Townley-Smith, F., McCaig, T. N. and Green, D. G. (1984). Growth analysis of spring wheat cultivars of varying drought resistance. Crop Science, 24: 537-541.
4
Farshadfar, E., Sheibanirad, A. and Soltanian, M. (2014). Screening landraces of bread wheat genotypes for drought tolerance in the field and laboratory.
5
International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 3:304-311.
6
Fernandez, G. C. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. Proceedings of the international symposium on adaptation of vegetables and other food crops in temperature and water stress.
7
Fischer, R. and Maurer, R. (1978). Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Crop and Pasture Science, 29: 897-912.
8
Ghasemi, M. and Farshadfar, E. (2015). Screening drought tolerant genotypes in wheat using multivariate and stress tolerance score methods. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 6: 326-333.
9
Golabadi, M., Arzani, A. and Maibody, S. M. (2006). Assessment of drought tolerance in segregating populations in durum wheat. Afr J Agric Res, 1: 162-171.
10
Huang, B. (2000). Role of root morphological and physiological characteristics in drought resistance of plants. Plant–environment interactions. Marcel Dekker
11
Inc., New York: 39-64.
12
Krishania, S., Dwivedi, P. and Agarwal, K. (2013). Strategies of adaptation and injury exhibited by plants under a variety of external conditions: a short review. Comunicata Scientiae, 4: 103-110.
13
Li, P., Chen, J. and Wu, P. (2011). Agronomic characteristics and grain yield of 30 spring wheat genotypes under drought stress and nonstress conditions. Agronomy Journal, 103: 1619-1628.
14
Mahajan, S. and Tuteja, N. (2005). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: an overview. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 444: 139-158.
15
Mitra, J. (2001). Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants. CURRENT SCIENCEBANGALORE-, 80: 758-763.
16
Nayak, S. (2010). Identification of QTLS and Genes for Drought Tolerance Using Linkage Mapping and Association Mapping Approaches in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
17
Passioura, J. (1983). Roots and drought resistance. Agricultural water management, 7: 265-280.
18
Pouresmaeil, M., Khavari-Nejad, R., Mozafari, M., Najafi, F., Moradi, F. and Akbari, M. (2012). Identification of drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces. Crop Breeding Journal, 2: 101-110.
19
Ramirez-Vallejo, P. and Kelly, J. D. (1998). Traits related to drought resistance in common bean. Euphytica, 99:127-136.
20
Rosielle, A. and Hamblin, J. (1981). Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment. Crop Science, 21: 943-946.
21
Schneider, K. A., Rosales-Serna, R., Ibarra-Perez, F., Cazares-Enriquez, B., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., RamirezVallejo, P., Wassimi, N. and Kelly, J. D. (1997). Improving common bean performance under drought stress. Crop
22
Science, 37: 43-50.
23
Sojka, R., Stolzy, L. and Fischer, R. (1981). Seasonal drought response of selected wheat cultivars. Agronomy Journal, 73: 838-845.
24
Yu, L.-X. and Setter, T. L. (2003). Comparative transcriptional profiling of placenta and endosperm in developing maize kernels in response to water deficit. Plant Physiology, 131: 568-582.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Oligocene stratigraphy of the Northern Subcoastal Fars Zone (Tang-e-Khoshk, Zagros structures, Iran): Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironment
Objective: The Asmari Formation is characterised by alternation thick carbonate and marl sequence of the Oligocene- Miocene in the Zagros Basin, southwest of Iran that were deposited on the shelf of Eastern Paratethys. Methods: This formation is exposed at Tang-e-Khoshk in the Fars subcoastal zone with a thickness of 286 m comprising alternation of medium and thick to massive bedded carbonates, marlylimestone and marl. The age of the Asmari Formation in the study area is the Oligocene (Ruplian&Chattian). Results: Ten microfacies are defined, characterizing a gradual shallowing upward trend; the related environments are as follows: open marine (MF1, 2&3), shoal (MF4) and lagoon (MF5, 6&7). A carbonate ramp platform is suggested for the depositional environment of the Asmari Formation. MF 1, 2, 3 &4 are characterized by the occurrence of large and small foraminifera representing a represent a deeper fair weather wave base of a middle ramp setting. MF 5, 6& 7 with large particles of different bioclast debis and algae, shallow-water setting of an inner ramp.
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137
Tang-e-Khoshk
Asmari formation
Oligocene
Biostratigraphy
Carbonate ramp
Azam
Zare
1
Paleontology and Stratigraphy cultural heritage and handy craft organization and department of Geology, Payam-e- Noor University، Fars, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Afshin
Hashmie
afshin8211@yahoo.com
2
Sedimentology and Sedimentary Petrology, Absakht hashemi Company, Fars, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adams, C.G., Bourgeois, E., (1967). Asmari biostratigraphy, Geological and Exploration Iranian Oil Offshore Company Report. 1074, Unpublished.
1
Alavi, M., (2007). Structures of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt in Iran. American Journal of Science 307, 1064–1095.
2
Alavi, M., (2004). Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros fold-thrust belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution, American Journal of Science. 304, 1–20.
3
Amirshahkarami, M., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Taheri, A.,)2007a(. Sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation at Chaman-Bolbol, Zagros Basin, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 29, 947-959. Amirshahkarami, M., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Taheri, A.,)2007b(. Paleoenvironmental model and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation in southwest Iran, Historical Biology, 19(2), 173-183.
4
Barattolo, F., Bassi, D., Romero, R., (2007). Upper Eocene larger foraminiferal-coralline algal facies from the Klokova Mountain (south continental Greece), Facies, 53(3), 361-375.
5
Bassi, D., Hottinger, L., Nebelsick, H., (2007). Larger Foraminifera from the Upper Oligocene of the Venetian area, northeast Italy, Palaeontology, 5(4), 845-868.
6
Beavington-Penney, S.J., Racey, A., (2004). Ecology of extant nummulitids and other larger benthic foraminifera. Applications in Paleoenvironmental
7
analysis, Earth Science Review, 67(3-4), 219-265.
8
Berberian, M., King, G.C.P., (1981). Toward a paleogeography and tectonic evo-lution of Iran. Canadian Journal Earth Sciences 18, 210–265.
9
Burchette TP, Wright VP (1992). Carbonate ramp depositional systems. Sediment Geol 79:3–57.
10
Corda, L., Brandano, M., (2003). Aphotic zone carbonate production on a Miocene ramp, Central Apennines, Italy, Sedimentary Geology, 161(1-2), 55–70.
11
Cosovic V., Drobne K., Moro A., (2004). Paleoenvironmental model for Eocene foraminiferal limestones of the Adriatic carbonate platform (Istrian Peninsula). Facies 50:61–75.
12
Dunham, R.J., (1962). Classification of carbonate rocks according to their depositional texture, In: Ham, W.E. (Ed.), ClassiWcation of Carbonate Rocks. A Symposium: AAPG Bulletin, pp. 108–121.
13
Ehrenberg, S.N., Pickard, N.A.H., Laursen, G.V., Monibi, S., Mossadegh, Z.K., Svana, T.A., Aqrawi A.A.M., McArthur J.M., Thirlwall M.F., (2007). Strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation (Oligocene-Lower
14
Miocene), SW Iran, Journal of Petroleum Geology 30, 107-128.
15
Embry,AF., Klovan, JE., (1971). A Late Devonian reef tract on Northeastern Banks Island NWT: Can Petroleum Geolgy Bull. 19:730–781[revision of Dunham classification].
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Flugel, E., (2010). Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks: Analysis Interpretation and Application, Springer, Berlin, p. 976.
17
Geel, T., (2000). Recognition of Stratigraphic sequence in carbonate platform and slope deposits: empirical models based on microfacies analyses of palaeogene deposits in southeastern Spain, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology155, 211-238.
18
Hakimzadeh, S., Seyrafian, A., ( 2008). Late OligoceneEarly Miocene benthic foraminifera and biostratigraphy of the Asmari Formation, south Yasuj, north-central Zagros basin, Iran, Carbonates and Evaporites 23 (1), 1-10.
19
Hallock, P., Glenn, E.C., (1986). Larger foraminifera: a tool for paleoenvironmental analysis of Cenozoic depositional facies, Palaios, 1(1), 55–64.
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Hamedani, A., Torabi, H., Piller, W., Mandic, O., Steininger, F. F., Wielandt, U., Harzhauser, M., Nebelsick, J. H., Schuster, F.,( 1997). Oligocene/ Miocene sections from Zagros foreland basins of Central Iran, Abstract, 18th IAS
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Regional Meeting of Sedimentology, Heidelberg, pp. 155–156.
22
Heydari, E., (2008). Tectonics versus eustatic control on supersequences of the Zagros Mountains of Iran",. Tectonophysics 451, 56-70.
23
Jalali, M.R., (1987). Stratigraphy of Zagros Basin, National Iranian Oil Company. Exploration and Production Division Report 1249, 1072.
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James G, Ogg Smith AG and Gradstin FM (2008).
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Geological time scale2004.Paleozoic Time Scale and SeaLevel History and The Concise Geologic Time Scale, Purdue University, and The Concise Geologic Time Scale.
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James, G.A., Wynd, J.G., (1965). Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area, AAPG Bulletin 49, 2182e2245.
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James, G.A., Wynd, J.G., (1965). Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area, AAPG Bulletin 49, 2182e2245.
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Kalantari, A., (1986). Microfacies of carbonate rocks of Iran, National Iranian Oil Company,Geological Laboratory Publication, Tehran, vol. 11, 520 pp.
29
Laursen, G.V., Monibi, S., Allan, T.L., Pickard, N.A., Hosseiney, A., Vincent, B., Hamon, Y., Van-Buchem, F.S.P., Moallemi, A., Druillion, G., (2009). The Asmari Formation revisited: changed stratigraphic allocation and new biozonation, First International Petroleum Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, Shiraz, Iran.
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McQuillan,H., Roohi, M. and Evers , H.J., (1978). Gological map of Ardakan (1/100000)" National Iranian oil company oil (Exploration division), sheet no. 20842E,.
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Mossadegh, Z.K., Haig, D.W., Allan, T., Adabi, M.H., Sadeghi, A.,)2009(. Salinity changes during Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Asmari Formation
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deposition, Zagros Mountains, Iran. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 272, 17-36.
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Motiei, H., (1993). Stratigraphy of Zagros. In: Treatisie of Geology of Iran", Iran Geology Survey, Published, pp. 281–289.
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Motiei, H., (2001). Simplified table of rock units in southwest Iran, Tehran, Keyhan Exploration and Production Services.
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Nadjafi, M., Mahboubi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R., Mirzaee R., (2004). Depositional history and sequence stratigraphy of outcropping Tertiary carbonates in the Jahrum and Asmari Formations, Shiraz area (SW Iran).
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Journal of Petroleum Geology 27,179–190. Nebelsick, J.H., Stingl, V., Rasser, M., (2001).
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Autochthonous facies and allochthonous debris flows compared: Early Oligocene carbonate facies patterns of the Lower Inn Valley (Tyrol, Austria)". Facies 44:31–45.
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Pomar, L., M. Brandano, & H. Westphal, (2004). Environment factors influencing skeletal grain sediment associations: a critical review of Miocene examples from the western Mediterranean: Sedimentology, v. 51, p. 627-651.
40
Rahmania, A., Vaziri-Moghaddama, H., Taherib, A. and Ghabeishavi, A. (2009). A model for the paleoenvironmental distribution of larger foraminifera of Oligocene–Miocene carbonate rocks at Khaviz Anticline, Zagros Basin, SW Iran. Historical Biology, Vol. 21, Nos. 3–4,215-227.
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Rasser MW, Scheibner C, Mutti M (2005). A paleoenvironmental standard section for Early Ilerdian tropical carbonate factories (Corbieres, France; Pyrenees, Spain). Facies 51:217–232.
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Rasser, M.W., Nebelsick, J.H., (2003). Provenance analysis of Oligocene autochthonous and allochthonous coralline algae: a quantitative approach towards reconstructing transported assemblages, Palaeogeography,
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Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 201(1), 89-111.
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Romero, J., Caus, E., Rosell, J., ( 2002). A model for the palaeoenvironmental distribution of larger foraminifera based on late Middle Eocene deposits on the margin of the South Pyrenean basin (NE Spain). Palaeogeography,
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Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 179(1), 43–56.
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Sadeghi, R., H. Vaziri-Moghaddam, and A. Taheri, (2010). Microfacies and sedimentary environment of the Oligocene sequence (Asmari Formation) in Fars subbasin, Zagros Mountains, southwest Iran: Facies, v. 57, no. 3, p. 431-446.
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Sadeghi, R., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Taheri, A., (2009). Biostratigraphy and Palaeoecology of the Oligo-Miocene succession in Fars and Khuzestan areas (Zagros Basin, SW Iran). Hist Biol. 21:17–31.
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Sahraeyan, M., Bahrami, M., Arzaghi, S., (2013). Facies analysis and depositional environments of the OligoceneeMiocene Asmari Formation, Zagros Basin, Iran, southwestern Iran. Journal of Geoscience Frontiers,
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Iran. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh. 210/2, 129–141.
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Seyrafian, A., Hamedani, A.,( 2003). Microfacies and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the lower Asmari Formation (Oligocene), North- Central Zagros Basin, Iran. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Mh. 3, 164–174.
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Seyrafian, A., Mojikhalifeh, A.R., (2005). Biostratigraphy of the Late Paleogene-Early Neogene succession, northcentral border of Persian Gulf, Carbonates and Evaporites, 20(1), 91-97.
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Seyrafian, A., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Torabi, H., ( 1996). Biostratigraphy of the Asmari Formation, Burujen area, Iran. J. Sci. 7/1, 31–47.
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Seyrafian, A.,(1981). Geological study of the Siah Makan Field (Asmari Formation). National Iranian Oil Company, Report, 37–45, unpublished.
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Seyrafian, A.,(2000). Microfacies and depositional environments of the Asmari Formation, at Dehdes area (A correlation across Central Zagros Basin). Carbonates and Evaporites 15, 22–48.
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Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Kimiagari, M., Taheri, A.,) 2006(. Depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation in SW Iran. Facies, 52(1), 41-51.
57
Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Seyrafian, A., Taheri, A., Motiei, H., (2010). Oligocene-Miocene ramp system(Asmari Formation) in the NW of the Zagros basin, Iran: Microfacies, paleoenvironment and depositional sequence, de Ciencias Geologicas, 27: 56-71.
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Wells, A.J.,(1967). Lithofacies and geological History of Lower Tertiary sediments in southwest Iran. IOOC Report 1108.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of K Nano-Fertilizer and N Bio-Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.)
Objective: This field experiment was laid out in order to study on effect of Nano and Bio fertilizers on yield and yield components of tomato (Lycopersicone sculentum L.) during the growing seasons 2013- 2014. Methods: The experiment was laid out in a factorial based on randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were K nanofertilizer in five levels such as (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg.ha-1) and pure Azot in five levels such as (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1). Results: Results showed that the application of humic acid and nitrogen fertilizer were significant of all traits of tomato but effect of humic acid on fruit length was not significant. Application of 400 kg per ha K nanofertilizer had the highest plant height and stem diameter. Also results showed that application of 300 kg per ha K nanofertilizer had the highest number of fruit per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit yield. However application of nitrogen fertilizer increased yield and yield components of tomato. In final results of the present study reviled that application of K nanofertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer increased yield and yield components of tomato.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_14512_1d5363cb50baa992acd1b7e5b77f0485.pdf
2015-03-01
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Nano fertilizer
Nitrogen fertilizer
Tomato
Abasalt
Rostami Ajirloo
abasat.rostami@yahoo.com
1
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Parsabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parsabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Morad
Shaaban
2
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Boroujed Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Rahmati Motlagh
rahmati.z1365@yahoo.com
3
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Boroujed Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
AUTHOR
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