ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Therapeutic Effect of Statins on Survival of Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Review
Cancer -can significantly have ruining effects on very high of human beings, social, and economic condition. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer has been reported as one of the most prevalent cancers and the incidence rates of this disorder is increasing across the world. This review explains practical recommendations for the management and improvement of patients with GI cancer by statins. Statins, a group of lipoproteins drugs, are used in medicine to treatment of lipid disorder, hypercholesterolemia reduction and cardiovascular risk. The exact mechanisms of anticancer activity of statins are still unknown. However, in some preclinical and epidemiological studies have reported them to have anticancer properties and therapeutic consequences for GI cancer based on preclinical evidence of their including antihypoxic processes, anti-invasive, induction of growth arrest and proapoptotic, radiosensitizing, angiogenesis and inhibition metastasis. The main objectives of this review paper are: 1. Explain the importance of sickness understanding and prognostic awareness in patients with cell proliferation, induction cell apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, immunity and inflammatory GI cancers receiving statins groups. 2. Explain the importance of statins therapy in low- and middle- risk patients with GI cancers.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_34662_6432f4ff2c033909462f4efef7176e79.pdf
2019-09-01
191
203
10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.1
Cancer
Gastrointestinal
Statins
Adjuvant therapy
Ali
Olfati
a.olfati65@gmail.com
1
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nasrollah
Moradi-kor
moradikor.nasroallah@yahoo.com
2
Research Centre of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
Agarwal, B, Bhendwal, S, Halmos, B, Moss, SF, Ramey, WG, Holt, PR. (1999). Lovastatin augments apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents in colon cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 5:2223-2229.
1
Alexandre, L, Clark, AB, Bhutta, HY, Chan, SSM, Lewis, MPN, Hart, AR. (2016). Association Between Statin Use After Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer and Survival: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Gastroenterol. 150:854-865. doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.039.
2
Assmus, B, Urbich, C, Aicher, A, Hofmann, WK, Haendeler, J, Rossig, L, Spyridopoulos, I, Zeiher, AM, Dimmeler, S. (2003). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reduce senescence and increase proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells via regulation of cell cycle regulatory genes. Circ Res. 92:1049-1055. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000070067.64040.7C.
3
Bahrami, A, Amerizadeh, F, Hassanian, SM, ShahidSales, S, Khazaei, M, Maftouh, M, Ghayour-Mobarhan, M, Ferns, GA, Avan, A. (2017). Genetic variants as potential predictive biomarkers in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. J Cell Physiol. 233(3):2193-2220. doi:10.1002/jcp.25966.
4
Bayati Zadeh, J, Moradi kor, N, Olfati, A. (2015). The Effects of Different Levels Aqueous Extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on Performance and Immune Response of Laying Hens. J Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 18(6):1476-1481, DOI: 10.1080/0972060X.2014.981594.
5
Beales, IL, Vardi, I, Dearman, L. (2012). Regular statin and aspirin use in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus is associated with a reduced incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24:917-923. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283543f01.
6
Bhutta, HY, Alexandre, L, Clark, A, Holt, S, Lewis, MP, Hart, A. (2012). Mo1542 do statins prevent the histological subtypes of esophageal cancer? Prospective data from the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Gastroenterol. 142:S-624.
7
Biswas, S, Criswell, TL, Wang, SE, Arteaga, CL. (2006). Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β signaling in human cancer: targeting a tumor suppressor network as a therapeutic strategy. Clin Cancer Res. 12:4142-4146.
8
Cardwell, CR, Hicks, BM, Hughes, C, Murray, LJ. (2014). Statin use after colorectal cancer diagnosis and survival: a populationbased cohort study. J Clin Oncol. 32:3177–3183.
9
Cao, Z, Fan-Minogue, H, Bellovin, DI, Yevtodiyenko, A, Arzeno, J, Yang, Q, Gambhir, SS, Felsher, DW. (2011). MYC phosphorylation, activation, and tumorigenic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma regulated by HMG-CoA reductase. Cancer Res. 71:2286–2297. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3367.
10
Chan KK, Oza AM, Siu LL. (2003). The Statins as Anticancer Agents. Clin Cancer Res. 9(1):10-9.
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Cheng-Qian, Y, Xin-Jing, W, Wei-Xinbing, Zhuang-Lei G, Hong-Peng Z, Songde X, Pei-Lin W. (2014). Lovastatin inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells. Hepatogastroenterol. 61:1-4. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.54.4569.
12
Chiu, HF, Ho, SC, Chang, CC, Wu, TN, Yang, CY. (2011). Statins are associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 106:2098–2103. doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.277.
13
Cress, RD, Morris, C, Ellison, GL, Goodman, MT. (2006). Secular changes in colorectal cancer incidence by subsite, stage at diagnosis, and race/ethnicity, 1992-2001. Cancer. 107(suppl 5):1142-1152. doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22011.
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Chylack, LT Jr, Mantell, G, Wolfe, JK, Friend, J, Rosner, B. (1993). Lovastatin and the Korc, human lens; results of a two year study. Optom Vis Sci. 70:937-943.
15
De LLobet, LI, Baro, M, Mesia, R, Balart, J. (2014). Simvastatin enhances the effects of radiotherapy and cetuximab on a cell line (FaDu) derived from a squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Trans Oncol. 7:513–522. doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2014.02.008.
16
Demierre, MF, Higgins, PD, Gruber, SB, Hawk E, Lippman SM. (2005). Statins and cancer prevention. Nat Rev Cancer. 5:930–942. doi:10.1038/nrc1751.
17
Diakos Connie, I, Charles Kellie, A, McMillan Donald, C, Clarke Stephen, J. (2014). Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 15(11):e493-503. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70263-3.
18
Edwards, BK, Ward, E, Kohler, BA, Eheman, C, Zauber, AG, Anderson, RN, Jemal, A, Schymura, MJ, Lansdorp-Vogelaar, I, Seeff, LC, van Ballegooijen, M, Goede, SL, Ries, LA. (2010). Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer. 116:544-573. doi:10.1002/cncr.24760.
19
Emami, S, Olfati, A. (2017). Effects of Dietary Supplementing of Spirulina Platensis and Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae on Hematologic Parameters in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol. 7(3):163-170.
20
Farmer JA. (2000). Pleiotropic effects of statins. Curr Atherosclero Rep. 2:208–217. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095748.
21
Fildes, JE, Shaw, SM, Williams, SG. Yonan, N. (2009). Potential immunologic effects of statins in cancer following transplantation. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 58:461-467. doi:10.1007/s00262-008-0541-2.
22
Graaf, MR, Beiderbeck, AB, Egberts, AC, Richel, DJ, Guchelaar, HJ. (2004). The risk of cancer in users of statins. J Clin Oncol. 22:2388–2394. doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.02.027.
23
Graf, H, Jüngst, C, Straub, G, Dogan, S, Hoffmann, RT, Jakobs, T, Reiser, M, Waggershauser, T, Helmberger, T, Walter, A, Walli, A, Seidel, D, Goke, B, Jüngst D. (2008). Chemoembolization combined with pravastatin improves survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Digestion. 78:34–38. doi: 10.1159/000156702.
24
Guthrie, GJ, Roxburgh, CS, Horgan, PG, McMillan, DC. (2013). Does interleukin-6 link explain the link between tumour necrosis, local and systemic inflammatory responses and outcome in patients with colorectal cancer? Cancer Treat Rev. 39:89–96. 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.07.003.
25
Habis, M, Wroblewski, K, Bradaric, M, Ismail, N, Yamada, SD, Litchfield, L, Lengyel, E, Romero, IL. (2014). Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in patients with non-serous-papillary epithelial ovarian cancer: a retrospective cohort analysis. PLoS One. 9:e104521. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104521.
26
Haukka, J, San kila, R, Klaukka, T, Lonnqvist, J, Niskanen, L, Tanskanen, A, Wahlbeck, K, Tiihonen, J. (2010). Incidence of cancer and statin usage-record linkage study. Int J Cancer. 126:279–284. doi:10.1002/ijc.24536.
27
Jang, JJ, Ho, HK, Kwan, HH, Fajardo LF, Cooke JP. (2000). Angiogenesis is impaired by hypercholesterolemia: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Circulation. 102:1414–1419.
28
Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. (2011). Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 61:69–90. doi:10.3322/caac.20107.
29
Joyce, JA, Pollard, JW. (2008). Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:239–52. doi:10.1038/nrc2618.
30
Kato, S, Smalley, S, Sadarangani, A, Chen-Lin, K, Oliva, B, Brañes, J, Carvajal, J, Gejman, R, Owen, GI, Cuello, M. (2010). Lipophilic but not hydrophilic statins selectively induce cell death in gynaecological cancers expressing high levels of HMGCoA reductase. J Cell Mol Med. 14:1180–1193. doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00771.x.
31
Kawata, S, Yamasaki, E, Nagase, T, Inui, Y, Ito, N, Matsuda, Y, Inada, M, Tamura, S, Noda, S, Imai, Y, Matsuzawa, Y. (2001). Effect of pravastatin on survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. A randomized controlled trial. Br J Cancer. 84:886–91. doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1716.
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Kenific, CM, Thorburn, A, Debnath, J. (2010). Autophagy and metastasis: another double-edged sword. Curr Opinion Cell Biol. 22:241–5. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.10.008.
33
Kim, WS, Kim, MM, Choi, HJ, Yoon, SS, Lee, MH, Park, K, Park, CH, Kang, WK. (2001). Phase II study of high-dose lovastatin in patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Invest New Drugs. 19:81–83.
34
Korc, M, Friesel, RE. (2009). The role of fibroblast growth factors in tumor growth. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 5:639-651.
35
Kureishi, Y, Luo, Z, Shiojima, I, Bialik A, Fulton D, Lefer DJ, Sessa WC, Walsh K. (2000). The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin activates the protein kinase akt and promotes angiogenesis in normocholesterolemic animals. Nat Med. 6:1004–1010. doi:10.1038/79510.
36
LaRosa JC. (2001). Pleiotropic effects of statins and their clinical significance. Am J Cardiol. 88:291–293.
37
Lee, SJ, Lee, I, Lee, J, Park, C, Kang, WK. (2014). Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, potentiate the anti-angiogenic effects of bevacizumab by suppressing angiopoietin2, BiP, and Hsp90a in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 111(3):497-505. doi:10.1038/bjc.
38
Lee, J, Lee, I, Park, C, Kang, WK. (2006). Lovastatin-induced RhoA modulation and its effect on senescence in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 339:748–754. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.11.075.
39
Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Bojesen SE. (2012). Statin use and reduced cancer-related mortality. N Engl J Med. 367:1792–1802.
40
Ogunwobi, OO, Beales, IL. (2008). Statins inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in Barrett’s esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Am J Gastroenterol. 103:825–837. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01773.x.
41
Olfati, A, Moghaddam, G, Rafat Khafar, K, Mojtahedin, A, Abdolahzadeh, A. (2018). Role of follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol benzoate in recovering spermatogenesis in tamoxifen-injured rats. Asian Pacific J Reprod. 7(6):248-253. doi: 10.4103/2305-0500.246342.
42
Pahan, K. (2006). Lipid-lowering drugs. Cell Mol Life Sci. 63:1165-1178. doi:10.1007/s00018-005-5406-7.
43
Park, C, Lee, I, Kang, WK. (2001). Lovastatin-induced E2F-1 modulation and its effect on prostate cancer cell death. Carcinogenesis. 22:1727–1731.
44
Pedersen, TR, Wilhelmsen, L, Faergeman, O, Strandberg, TE, Thorgeirsson, G, Troedsson, L, Kristianson, J, Berg, K, Cook, TJ, Haghfelt, T, Kjekshus, J, Miettinen, T, Olsson, AG, Pyörälä, K, Wedel, H. (2000). Follow-up study of patients randomized in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) of cholesterol lowering. Am J Cardiol. 86:257–262.
45
Pisanti S, Picardi P, Ciaglia E, D''Alessandro A, Bifulco M. (2014). Novel prospects of statins as therapeutic agents in cancer. Pharmacol Res. 88:84-98. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2014.06.013.
46
Poggi, A, Musso, A, Boero, S, Canevali, P, Zocchi Maria, R. (2010). Statins as Either Immunomodulators or Anti-Cancer Drugs: Functional Activities on Tumor Stromal Cells and Natural Killer Cells. Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 9:82-92. doi:10.2174/187152310790711719.
47
Putoczki, TL, Thiem, S, Loving, A, Busuttil, RA, Wilson, NJ, Ziegler, PK, Nguyen, PM, Preaudet, A, Farid, R, Edwards, KM, Boglev, Y, Luwor, RB, Jarnicki, A, Horst, D, Boussioutas, A, Heath, JK, Sieber, OM, Pleines, I, Kile, BT, Nash, A, Greten, FR, McKenzie, BS, Ernst, M. (2013). Interleukin-11 is the dominant IL-6 family cytokine during gastrointestinal tumorigenesis and can be targeted therapeutically. Cancer Cell. 24:257–71. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.06.017.
48
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49
Siegel, RL, Ward, EM, Jemal, A. (2012). Trends in colorectal cancer incidence rates in the United States by tumor location and stage, 1992-2008. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 21:411-416.
50
Singh, PP, Singh, S. (2013). Statins are associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. An Oncol. 24:1721–1730. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt150.
51
Spampanato, C, De Maria, S, Sarnataro, M, Giordano, E, Zanfardino, M, Baiano, S, Cartenì, M, Morelli, F. (2012). Simvastatin inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis correlated to activation of Bax and down-regulation of BCL-2 gene expression. Int J Oncol. 40:935–41.
52
Spyridopoulos, I, Haendeler, J, Urbich, C, Brummendorf, TH, Oh, H, Schneider, MD, Zeiher, AM, Dimmeler, S. (2004). Statins enhance migratory capacity by upregulation of the telomere repeat-binding factor TRF2 in endothelial progenitor cells. Circulation. 110:3136–3142. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000142866.50300.EB.
53
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54
Weis, M, Heeschen, C, Glassford, AJ, Cooke, JP. (2002). Statins Have Biphasic Effects on Angiogenesis. Circulation. 105:739-745.
55
Weeks, JC, Catalano, PJ, Cronin, A, Finkelman, MD, Mack, JW, Nancy L. Keating, NL, Schrag, D. (2012). Patients’ expectations about effects of chemotherapy for advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 367:1616-1625.
56
WHO. Latest world cancer statistics Global cancer burden rises to 14.1 million new cases in 2012: Marked increase in breast cancers must be addressed. 2013.
57
Yang, Z, Yang, D, Xie, L, Sun, Y, Huang, Y, Sun, H, Liu, P, Wu, Z. (2009). Treatment of metastatic spinal tumors by percutaneous vertebroplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with interstitial implantation of 125I seeds. Acta Radiologica. 50:1142–8.
58
Ye F, Zhang GH, Guan BX, Xu, XC. (2012). Suppression of esophageal cancer cell growth using curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and lovastatin. World J Gastroenterol. 18:126–135. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i2.126.
59
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessing Students’ Perception Towards the Teaching of Sexuality Education in Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria
The absence of systematic sex education in schools would seem to be a transfer from the tendency among parents to shy away from answering questions about sex and procreation which young people ask. The prevalence of indulgence in premarital sex or unsafe sexual behaviours by secondary school students who are mostly adolescents has attracted growing concerns from all stakeholders. These unsafe sexual behaviours may have significant unpleasant consequences on their health which they may not be necessarily aware of considering the high prevalence rate of sexually transmitted diseases. Over the years, there has been a heated debate on whether sexuality education should be included in school curriculum. While some think it is immoral for sex education to be included in the school curriculum, others strongly believe that the teaching of sex education is ideal for teenagers as it will guide them who early exposure to technology makes them vulnerable to misinformation. Parents on the other hand are worried about the way sexuality education is being taught in schools. Yet these divergent views represent both sides of the same coin – a genuine concern borne out of the need to protect and ensure the safety of the future of teenagers and young people in general. This study therefore looked at the students’ perception of sexuality education taught to them in the school and how students’ predominant views on sex influence their acceptance of sexuality education.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_34663_57922083533744a4c11175aef8c441d9.pdf
2019-09-01
204
212
10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.2
sexuality education
adolescents
Perception
Nigeria
abstinence
Joy-Telu
Hamilton-Ekeke
joytelu@yahoo.com
1
Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Akande, AA, Akande, TM. (2007). Knowledge and perception of sexuality education among students of a rural secondary school in Kwara State, Nigeria, Nigerian Med Practit, 52(3):55-59.
1
Akpama, EG. (2013). Parental perception of the teaching of sex education to adolescent in secondary school in Cross River State, Nigeria, J Res Method Educat, 1(3):31-36.
2
Barret, MA. (2010). Trend in teen pregnancy rate from 1996 – 2006: A study comprising of Canada, Sweden, USA and England / Wales, Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 2010.
3
Fentahun, N, Assefa, T, Alemeseged, F, Ambaw, F. (2012). Parents’ perception, students’ and Teachers’ attitude towards school sex education, Ethiopian J Heal Sci, 22(2):99-106.
4
Kingsley, N, Kobina, IA, Maxwell, A, Andrew, LD. (2014). Parental attitude towards sex education at the lower primary in Ghana, Int J Elemen Educat, 3(2):21-29.
5
Kohler, PK, Manhart, LE, Lafferty, WE. (2008). "Abstinence-Only and Comprehensive Sex Education and the Initiation of Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy". J Adol Heal, 42(4):344–351. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.026.
6
Nwaorgu, IJ. (2008). Reproductive health knowledge and practice among Junior Secondary School Grade one. Nigerian J Heal Educat, 13(1):6-10
7
SIECUS (2004) state profile; A portrait of sexuality education and abstinence only – marriage programs in the United State, New York.
8
Tanton, C, Jones, W, Macdowell, S, Clifton, KR, Mitchell, J, Datta, R, Lewis, R, Field, N, Sonnenberg, P, Stevens, A, Wellings, K, Johnson, AM, Mercer, CH. (2015). Pattern and Trends in sources of information about sex among young people in Britain: evidence from three National surveys of sexual attitudes and lifestyles, Biomed J Open, 5:e007834, available at: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
9
Teferra, TB, Erena, AN, Kebede, A. (2015). Prevalence of sexual practice and associated factors among undergraduate health science students of Madawalabu University, Bale Goba, South East Ethiopia. Pan Afr Med J, ISSN 1937-8686 doi: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.209.4525, pmcid: pmc447011
10
West, A. (2012). Perception of sex education among secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, Nigerian School Health Journal, 22(1):12-18.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors Affecting the Use of Sustainable Agriculture in Iran's Potato Cultivars
Current research examines the economic, social, cultural, policy, educational and promotional factors in using sustainable agriculture operations. Research is an applied type and its method is correlation. The statistical population consisted of 102 members of Iran Potato Cultivars. Data were collected using a census method and a questionnaire was used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained among 0.4723.0 ± 0.946 / 0, indicating the reliability of this tool. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS20 software. The results of regression analysis indicated that three variables: economic factors, policy factors, educational and promotional factors were the most important independent variables affecting the dependent variable of sustainable agriculture, that was 42.1% of the variation of dependent variable (implementation of sustainable agricultural activity) that explain the research.Also the results indicated that the economic factor variable with the beta coefficient equal to 0.339 is the most important variable affecting the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices. The variable policy making factor with a regression coefficient of 0.146 is the least important factor affecting the implementation of sustainable agricultural operations
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_34757_68231fc6b03e37155a84a8685b119abd.pdf
2019-09-01
213
224
10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.3
Sustainable agriculture
Potato seed producers
factors
Tahmineh
Kashani
kashanitahmineh@gmail.com
1
Department of Agricultural Extension and education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Omidi Najafabadi
maryomidi@gmail.com
2
Department of Agricultural Extension and education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farhad
Lashgarara
flashgarara@yahoo.com
3
Department of Agricultural Extension and education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Goossens, SK, Matinfar, R, Mohamad, HR, Ghaderi, H, Irannegad, M, Alikhah Asl, H. (2008). The Efficiency of Landsat TM and ETM+ Thermal Data for Extracting Soil Information in Arid Regions. J. Agric. Sci. Technol., 10:439-460.
1
Bagheri, A, Shahspand, MR. (2010). Study on the Attitude of Ardabil Plain Farmers on Sustainable Agricultural Operation, Iran. J. Agricul. Econom. Res., 4(2):242-231.
2
Bigdeli, A, Sedighi H. (2010). Investigating the acceptance behavior of sustainable farming methods by extension workers in Qazvin province, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development Research, Vol 41, Issue 3, Pages412-405.
3
Browne, MW, Cudeck, R, (1993). Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit, In: "Testing Structural Equation Models",(Eds.): Bollen, K. A. and Long, J. S. Newbury Park, Sage, CA, PP. 445-455.
4
Brugmann, J. (1997). Is There a Method in Our Measurement? The Use of Indicators in Local Sustainable Development Planning. Local Environ., 20(1):59–72
5
Davoodi, H, Maghsoudi, T. (2010). A Study of Sustainable Agricultural Knowledge among Potato Masters of Shoushtar, Iran J. Agricul. Econom. Develop., 42(2):264-256.
6
Enayati Rad Mandana et al. (2009), Factors Affecting the Knowledge of Corn Farmers on Sustainable Agriculture in the Northwest of Khuzestan, Science and Promotion of Iranian Agriculture Education, Vol 5, No 2.
7
McCool, DK, Huggins, DR, Saxton, KE, Kennedy, AC. (2001). Factors Affecting Agricultural Sustainability in the Pacific Northwest, USA.
8
Factors affecting sustainability of Agricultural Cooperatives, 2011. Agnes Towera Nkhoma
9
Factors affecting sustainable agricultural productivity in Ebonyi State, Nigeria.2015EGWU, Emeka Williams
10
Factors affecting sustainable development of Agriculture and Rural Areas in the Vivodship. Iwonakiniorska , WronskaKiczor.
11
Leading, H, Azizi, P. (2009). Sustainable Agricultural Development through Sustainable Agricultural Income, Journal of Human Geography, First Year, No. 4.
12
Shayan Hamid et al. (2012), The Role of Culture in Sustainable Agricultural Rural Areas, National Conference on Rural Development, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
13
Macrae, RJ, Henning, J, Hill SB. (1993). Strategies to Overcome Barriers to the Development of Sustainable Agriculture in Canada, J Agricul Environ Ethics, 6(1):21-51.
14
Asadi, A, Kalantari, K, Choobchian, S. (2013). Structural Analysis of Factors Affecting Agricultural Sustainability in Qazvin Province, Iran, J Agricul Sci Technol, 15(1):11-22.
15
Bosshaq, MR, Afzalinia, F, Moradi H. (2013). The role of impactive factors in sustainable agricultural system-A case study of Minudashat in Iran, Int J Agri Sci, 2(6):550-557.
16
Zare Feizabadi, A, Kouchaki, A. (1997), Reviewing of the Process of Changing Research Projects on Sustainable Agriculture, Agricul Econom Develop, No. 17.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Dried Centella Asiatica Leaf Meal as a Herbal Feed Additive on the Growth Performance, Heamatology and Serum Biochemistry of Broiler Chicken
A 42 days experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of dried Centella asiatica leaf meal (CSP) as an herbal feed additive on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. A total of 200 Ross 308 day old broiler chicks of mixed sex was divided into four (4) treatment groups of fifty (50) birds, each group was further divided into five replicates each of ten (10) birds. Group A was fed basal diet + 0% CPS (control), group B,C and D were fed basal diet + 2%, 4% and 6% CPS respectively. The basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of birds according to NRC (1994). Feed and water was provided unrestricted and a completely randomized design and birds were vaccinated according to the prevailing disease in the environment. The results obtained showed that there were significant (p0.05) the daily feed intake and mortality rate. All the hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) different among the treatments.It can be concluded that the inclusion of CPS at 6% enhanced the overall performance of the birds without causing any deleterious effect on the health of the animals.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_34768_6d2d14f6d5fc98b95389da2e8819f5e1.pdf
2019-09-01
225
236
10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.4
Cantella asiatica leaf meal
Performance
Hematology, Serum biochemistry
Broilers
Alagbe
John
demsonfarms@yahoo.com
1
University of Abuja, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Al-Bayati, FA. (2008). Synergistic antibacterial activity between Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinellaanisum essential oil and methanol extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol., 116:403-406.
1
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46
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Moringa Olifera Leaf Meal on the Growth Performance of Poultry/African Catfish–A Review
Moringa oleifera commonly referred to as the drumstick tree is a plant from the Moringaceae family. It is a medicinal plant that was found to be loaded with different bioactive chemicals or secondary metabolites such as vitamins, minerals, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids etc. which are involved in enhancing a long term health benefits. M. olifera is among the most promising species based on their high antioxidant activity, high contents of micro-nutrients, processing properties, ease of growing, and also on palatability, stability and shelf life of animal products. It has a relatively high protein content which varies from 24% - 32%, the leaves are used as a food source for humans and a dry season feed for animals because of the nutrient contents it contains. It has been traditionally used in the treatment of many ailments throughout the world and has been scientifically proven to act as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiulcer, analgesics, antiepileptic. With the increasing popularity on the usage of Moringa olifera in the diets of animals and the positive impact recorded, this review is a collection of different work by authors on using of Moringa olifera in poultry and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
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10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.5
Moringa olifera
Livestock
Growth performance
Poultry
catfish
Alagbe
John
demsonfarms@yahoo.com
1
Department of Animal Nutrition, Sumitra Research Farm, Gujarat, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pretreatment Of Nano Chitosan And Nano Calcium (X. gideon) In The Application Of Acetic Acid To Enamel Hardness
Background:Chitosan and Calcium are one of the natural polymeric materials obtained from the exoskeleton of Xylotrupes gideon through demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation processes. Nano chitosan and calcium can inhibit the demineralization process, which is caused by the consumption of acetic acid. This study aims to determine the effect of nano chitosan pretreatment and nano calcium X. gideon on the application of acetic acid toward tooth enamel hardness.Methods:The study used 36 upper teeth premolars divided into 4 groups; the first group was artificial saliva control, the second group was acetic acid application without pretreatment with nano chitosan and nano calcium, the third group was given pretreatment with nano chitosan and the fourth group was given pretreatment with nano chitosan and nano calcium (5:1).Results:The results showed that there were significant differences in all groups both without or with nano chitosan pretreatment and combination nano chitosan and nano calcium X.gideon on the application of acetic acid to hardness of tooth enamel (p
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10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.6
Nano chitosan
Nano calcium
X. gideon. Enamel microhardness
Ade Komariah
Komariah
akomariah67@gmail.com
1
Department of oral biology, faculty of dentistry Trisakti University, Kyai Tapa, Grogol, Jakarta Barat 1140, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Selly
Parcelia
2
Department of oral biology, faculty of dentistry Yarsi University, Letjend Suprapto, Central Jakarta City, 10510, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Bambang S.
Trenggono
3
Department of oral biology, faculty of dentistry Trisakti University, Kyai Tapa, Grogol, Jakarta Barat 1140, Indonesia
AUTHOR
References
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Visveswaraiah, PM, Prasad, D. (2016). Effect of water soluble carboxymethyl chitosan and chitosan lactate on enamel demineralisation- an sem study. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., 7:427-33.
22
Wongkhantee, S, Patanapiradej, V, Maneenut, C, Tantbirojn D. (2006). Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J. dent., 34:214-20.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Risk Factors of Gangrenous Cholecystitis in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting the development of acute cholecystitis toward gangrenous cholecystitis in an Iranian society.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients who underwent cholecystectomy in the educational hospitals of Khorramabad from August 2013 to August 2016 were included in the study regardless of their age range. The data collected in each patient included demographic data, underlying illnesses, positive history and physical examination prior to surgery, early laboratory findings and preoperative imaging findings. Finally, patients were divided into two groups of acute Cholecystitis and Gangrenous Cholecystitis based on pathological findings after cholecystectomy. The data was finally analyzed using SPSS software.Results: 51 patients were examined during the study. Histological studies indicated the presence of microscopic evidence of acute cholecystitis in all patients, of which 19 had histological evidence of Gangrenous Cholecystitis. In this study, nine variables that could be effective on the prognosis of acute cholecystitis and its progression toward the Gangrenous Cholecystitis were identified. These variables included age, WBC count, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease, fluid accumulation around gallbladder, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase. Finally, multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. It was found that the age of ≥51 was effective in the development of diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: In this study, it was observed that high age, diabetes mellitus and leukocytosis could lead to the development of acute cholecystitis toward Gangrenous Cholecystitis, a finding that requires more extensive studies with more sample size.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_35292_97d7d74f852c642bca8e96261c289582.pdf
2019-09-01
255
262
10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.7
Acute cholecystitis
Gangrenous Cholecystitis
Risk Factors
Mehrdad
Mirzaei Roozbahani
mehrdad.m.roozbahani@gmail.com
1
Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamad Kazem
Shahmoradi
shahmoradimk@gmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Lorestan University of medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Jafar
Mehri
jafarmehri034@gmail.com
3
Resident of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Lorestan University of medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Arefe
Qolampoor
arefeqolampoor65@yahoo.com
4
Resident of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Lorestan University of medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahram
Nasiri
nasiribahram45@yahoo.com
5
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Pakmehr
pakmehrf768@gmail.com
6
Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
AUTHOR
Aydin, C, Altaca, G, Berber, I, Tekin, K, Kara, M, Titiz, I. (2006). Prognostic parameters for the prediction of acute gangrenous cholecystitis. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg., 13(2):155-159.
1
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2
Fagan, SP, Awad, SS, Rahwan, K, Hira, K, Aoiki, N, Itani, KMF, Berger, DH. (2003). Prognostic factors for the development of gangrenous cholecystitis. Am. J. Surg., 186:481-485.
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Ganapathi, AM, Speicher, PJ, Englum, BR, Perez, A, Tyler, DS, Zani, S. (2015). Gangrenous Cholecystitis: A Contemporary Review. J. Surg. Res., doi:10.1016/ j.jss.2015.02.058.
6
Gholipour, Ch, Abolghasemi Fakhree, MB, Alizadeh Shalchi, R, Abbasi, M. (2009). Prediction of conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery with artificial neural networks. BMC Surgery, 9:13.
7
Girgin, S, Gedic, E, Taçyıldız, IH, Akgün, Y, Baç, B, Uysal, E. (2006). Factors Affecting Morbidity and Mortality in Gangrenous Cholecystitis. Acta chir. Belg., 106:545-549.
8
Gracie, WA, Ransohoff, DF. (1982). The natural history of silent gallstones: the innocent gallstone is not a myth. N. Engl. J. Med., 307:798.
9
Halldestam, I, Enell, EL, Kullman, E, Borch, K. (2004). Development of symptoms and complications in individuals with asymptomatic gallstones. Br. J. Surg., 91:734.
10
Hunt, DRH, Chu, CK. (2000). Gangrenous cholecystitis in the laparascopic era. Aust. N. Z. J. Surg, 70:428-430.
11
Jethwani, U, Singh, GJ, Mohil, R, Kandwal, V, Razdan, S, Chouhan, J, Saroha, R, Bansal, N. (2013). Prediction of difficulty and conversion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. OA Minimally Invasive Surgery, 1(1):2.
12
Kimura, Y, Takada, T, Kawarada, Y, Nimura, Y, Hirata, K, Sekimoto, M, Yoshida, M, Mayumi, T, Wada, K, Miura, F, Yasuda, H, Yamashita, Y, Nagino, M, Hirota, M, Tanaka, A, Tsuyuguchi, T, Strasberg, SM, Gadacz, TR. (2007). Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo guidelines. J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg., 14(1):15-26.
13
Lammert, F, Sauerbruch, T. (2005). Mechanisms of disease: the genetic epidemiology of gallbladder stones. Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2(9):423-433.
14
Merriam, LT, Kanan, SA, Dawes, LG, Angelos, P, Prystowsky, PJB, Renge, RV, Joehl, RJ. (1999). Gangrenous cholecystitis: analysis of risk factors and experience with laparascopic cholecystectomy. Surgery, 126:680-686.
15
Mok, KWJ, Reddy, R, Wood, F, Turner, P, Ward, JB, Pursnani, KG, Date, RD. (2014). Is C reactive protein a useful adjunct in selecting patients for emergency cholecystectomy by predicting severe/gangrenous cholecystitis. Int. J. Surg., 12:649-653.
16
Morfin, E, Ponka, JL, Brush, BE. (1968). Gangrenous cholecystitis. Arch. Surg., 96(4):567-473.
17
Morrow, DJ, Thompson, J, Wilson, SE. (1978). Acute cholecystitis in the elderly. Arch. Surg., 113:1149–1152.
18
Nguyen, L, Fagan, SP, Lee, TC, Aoki, N, Itani, KM, Berger, DH, Awad, SS. (2004). Use of a predictive equation for diagnosis of acute gangrenous cholecystitis. Am. J. Surg., 188:463–466.
19
Nikfarjam, M, Niumsawatt, V, Sethu, A, Fink, MA, Muralidharan, V, Starkey, G, Jones, RM, Christophi, Ch. (2011). Outcomes of contemporary management of gangrenous and non-gangrenous acute cholecystitis. HPB (Oxford), 13:551–558.
20
Rosen, M, Brody, F, Ponsky, J. (2002). Predictive factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am. J. Surg., 184(3):2548.
21
Sangeeta, A, Sreenivasa, J. (2000). Gallstones from gallbladder to gut. Postgrad. Med., 108(3):143-153.
22
Shiva, A. (2017). Predictive Factors of the Success of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis Referring to Qazvin Hospital. General Surgery Thesis, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2017. [In Persian]
23
Stefanidis, D, Bingener, J, Richards, M, Schwesinger, W, Dorman, J, Sirinek, K. (2005). Gangrenous cholecystitis in the decade before and after the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. JSLS, 9(2):169-173.
24
Sultan, AM, El-Nakeebet, A, Elshehawy, T, Elhemmaly, M, Elhanafy, E, Atef, E. (2013). Risk Factors for conversion during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: retrospective analysis of ten years’ experience at a single tertiary referral center. Dig. Surg., 30:51-55.
25
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Apoptotic and Autophagic modulation by nicotine
Cigarette smoking is growing and nicotine is considered as the most adverse agent in the cigarette smoking. Nicotine is an alkaloid and forms 90% of alkaloids of cigarette. Nicotine is accountable for creating disorders and cancers such as lung cancer, heart disease and chronic lung disease. Nicotine can be considered as an autophagy and apoptosis inducer which can either directly or indirectly stimulate apoptosis and autophagy. Apoptosis is the programmed cell death and oxidative stress in the most known inducer of apoptosis. However, physicochemical stresses, free radicals and removing of nutrients are other factors which induce apoptosis. Autophagy plays the role of recycling which mainly attacks damaged and aged cells and organelles. In this review, we investigate the effect of nicotine on these pathways.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_35336_0e4fc295797373576bdcdff63e843bb1.pdf
2019-09-01
263
273
10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.8
Nicotine
Apoptosis
autophagy
Fate
Zahra
Ahmadi
zahra.ahmadi996@yahoo.com
1
Department of basic science, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, Univeristy of Shushtar, Khuzestan-Iran
AUTHOR
Milad
Ashrafizadeh
dvm.milad73@yahoo.com
2
2Department of basic science, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz-Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Melika
Forouzan
dvm.milad1994@gmail.com
3
Department of basic science, veterinary medicine faculty, Shushtar university, Khuzestan-Iran
AUTHOR
Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani, S, Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018a). Effects of exercise on testosterone level, heat shock protein, and fertility potential. Reviews Clin. Med., 5(4):141-145.
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Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani, S, Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018b). The Effects of the Exercise on the Testosterone Level, Heat Shock Proteins and Fertility Potential. Reviews Clin. Med., 5(4):12-15.
2
Ahmadi, Z, Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018). Downregulation of osteocalcin gene in chickens treated with Lead Acetate II. Int. Biolog. Biomed. J., 4(4):0-0.
3
Ahmadi, Z, & Ashrafizadeh, M. (2019). Down Regulation of Osteocalcin Gene in Chickens Treated with Cadmium. Iranian J. Toxicol., 13(1):1-4.
4
Ahmadi, Z, Mohammadinejad, R, Ashrafizadeh, M. (2019). Drug delivery systems for resveratrol, a non-flavonoid polyphenol: Emerging evidence in last decades. J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol.
5
Amini, K, Zhaleh, H, Tahvilian, R, Farnia, V. (2019). Low concentration of morphine protects against cell death, oxidative stress and calcium accumulation by nicotine in PC12 cells. Bratisl. Lek. listy, 120(4):256-262.
6
Ashkenazi, A, Dixit, VM. (1998). Death receptors: signaling and modulation. science, 281(5381):1305-1308.
7
Ashrafizadeh, M, Ahmadi, Z. (2019). The effects of astaxanthin treatment on the sperm quality of mice treated with nicotine. Reviews in Clinical Medicine, 6(1):156-158.
8
Ashrafizadeh, M, Mohammadinejad, R, Tavakol, S, Ahmadi, Z, Roomiani, S, Katebi, M. Autophagy, anoikis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress: Potential applications in melanoma therapy. Journal of Cellular Physiology.
9
Ashrafizadeh, M, Rafiei, H, Ahmadi, Z. (2018). Histological changes in the liver and biochemical parameters of chickens treated with lead acetate II. Iranian J. Toxicol., 12(6):1-5.
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13
Cheng, SF, Qin, XS, Han, ZL, Sun, XF, Feng, YN, Yang, F, . . . De Felici, M. (2018). Nicotine exposure impairs germ cell development in human fetal ovaries cultured in vitro. Aging (Albany NY), 10(7):1556.
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42
Rafiei, H., Ahmadi, Z., & Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018b). Effects of Orally Administered Lead acetate II on Rat Femur Histology, Mineralization Properties and Expression of Osteocalcin Gene. Int. Biolog. Biomed. J., 4(3):0-0.
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Wang, Z, Liu, B, Zhu, J, Wang, D, Wang, Y. (2019). Nicotine-mediated autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cell accelerates atherosclerosis via nAChRs/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. Atherosclerosis, 284:1-10.
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57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Growth Performance and Profitability of Broilers with Vermi Meal on Fermented Ration Under Two Management Systems
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the different levels of vermi (Eisenia fetida) meal on fermented ration in broiler chicken growth and profitability under two management systems. For this purpose, 120 day old broiler chickens (cobb vantress) were tested in a Completely Randomized Design with four (4) dietary treatments: first, the commercial feeds (control), second, 2% vermi meal+local ingredients, third, 3% vermi meal+local ingredients and fourth, 5% vermi meal+local ingredients in three (3) replications where 15 broilers were randomly distributed in the pens. The result revealed that the total confinement system had higher body weight and weight gain with a slight difference of 35. 60 grams and 36.90 grams respectively compared to that of free- range system that had lesser feed consumption with difference of 81.10 grams and high in net income and Return of Investment (ROI). In relation to feed ration, feed consumption increased when given higher percentage of vermi and it was significantly different from the commercial feeds. In three (3) different levels of vermi meal, though they didn’t have significant difference to each other, the 2% level of vermi meal was comparable to commercial feeds and showed a difference in terms of body weight of 296.70 grams in TC; 326.00 grams in FR. In terms of weight gain 296.67 grams in TC and 370.97 grams in FR in both management systems. Consequently, 2% level vermi meal had an optimum result in final body weight, weight gain and high in feed conversion.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_35241_5895c6cbe33bcea5150e4d84491e52f3.pdf
2019-09-01
274
286
10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.9
Vermi
free range
total confinement
Profitability
fermented ration
Marcos
Bollido
markbollido@yahoo.com
1
Department of Agriculture and related Programs Instructor II, Northwest Samar State University Barangay Erenas, San Jorge, Samar, Philippines
LEAD_AUTHOR
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