ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
TCF7L2 Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes, Insight from HRM and ARMS Techniques
Introduction: Diabetes is a biological problem of life in a new way in human societies, especially in developing countries. Environmental and genetic factors are mutually influential in the incidence and exacerbation of this disease. One of the genes is the transcription factor TCF7L2 that has been proven in many studies in different communities to play a role in diabetes and is located on chromosome 10. Two SNPs for this gene, rs12255372 and rs7903146, have been recorded on the NCBI site and have a direct and significant correlation with type 2 diabetes. In this study, the genotypic frequency of these two SNPs was studied using ARMS and HRM techniques.Materials: This study was performed on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes and 100 healthy individuals as non-diabetic controls. Diabetics were selected from patients referred to Ali Asghar Diabetes Clinic in Zahedan. The control group consisted of individuals who did not meet the criteria for diabetes or had no family history of diabetes in first- or second-degree relatives. DNA extraction was performed using the phenol-chloroform method and finally, PCR was performed for a specific primer.Results: ARMS results showed that the number of people with SNP rs7903146 in diabetic patients is significantly higher than those in the control. However, the difference was not significant for rs12255372. HRM results were also highly correlated with ARMS and showed very precise allelic differentiation in the studied population for both positions.Conclusion: In general, since HRM is a relatively inexpensive technique and a large number of samples can be analyzed in a few hours, the results of this study can be used in the preparation of diagnostic kits based on this method in these two and other sites related to diabetes.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_244132_95d3556e9983038d293801832bdb8f87.pdf
2021-09-01
204
214
10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525681.1351
Diabetes
Genotype
HRM
ARMS
hamideh
khajeh
hmdekhaje@yahoo.com
1
Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abbas
Bahari
bahari@znu.ac.ir
2
Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmad
Rashki
bahari@znu.ac.irr
3
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Rasouli H, Hosseini-Ghazvini S M-B, Adibi H, Khodarahmi R. (2017). Differential α-amylase/α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of plant-derived phenolic compounds: a virtual screening perspective for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Food & Function, 8(5): 1942-1954. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7FO00220C
1
2. Keikhaie K R, Fazeli-Nasab B, Jahantigh H R, Hassanshahian M. (2018). Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Securigera securidaca, Withania sominefra, Rosmarinus officinalis and Aloe vera Plants against Important Human Pathogens. Journal of Medical Bacteriology, 7(1-2): 13-21.
2
3. Rasouli H, Yarani R, Pociot F, Popović-Djordjević J. (2020). Anti-diabetic potential of plant alkaloids: Revisiting current findings and future perspectives. Pharmacological research, 155: 104723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104723
3
4. Lowe W L. (2001). Candidate genes for type 2 diabetes Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus (pp. 207-230): Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1597-5_10
4
5. Eizirik D L, Pasquali L, Cnop M. (2020). Pancreatic β-cells in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: different pathways to failure. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 16(7): 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-0355-7
5
6. Kazemi B, Seyed N, Moslemi E, Bandehpour M, Bikhof Torbati M, Saadat N, Eidi A, Ghayoor E, Azizi F. (2009). Insulin receptor gene mutations in Iranian patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Iranian biomedical journal, 13(3): 161-168. PMID: 19688022
6
7. Kang G G, Francis N, Hill R, Waters D, Blanchard C, Santhakumar A B. (2020). Dietary polyphenols and gene expression in molecular pathways associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(1): 140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010140
7
8. Juttada U, Kumpatla S, Parveen R, Viswanathan V. (2020). TCF7L2 polymorphism a prominent marker among subjects with type-2-diabetes with a positive family history of diabetes. International journal of biological macromolecules, 159: 402-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.240
8
9. Farjami M, Fathi M, Ghasemi M M, Rajati M, Eslahi A, Alimardani M, Mojarrad M. (2020). Investigation of MYO15A and MYO7A Mutations in Iranian Patients with Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss. Fetal and pediatric pathology: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15513815.2019.1686790
9
10. Bahari A, Hashemi M, Bahari G R, Fakharian T, Gerayli S, Zadeh A E, Sima H R, Mozaffari H M, Bakhshipour A R, Bari Z. (2020). A Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System–Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) for Genotyping of rs8099917 & rs12979860 IL28B Polymorphisms and Its Correlation of Various Variables in Iranian HCV Patients. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International: 31-41. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2930881
10
11. Dutra L A S, Costa P G G, Velasco L F R, Amato A A, Barra G B. (2008). Allele-specific PCR assay to genotype SNP rs7903146 in TCF7L2 gene for rapid screening of diabetes susceptibility. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia, 52(8): 1362-1366. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302008000800026
11
12. Jahromi M M, Millward B A, Demaine A G. (2010). Significant correlation between association of polymorphism in codon 10 of transforming growth factor-β1 T (29) C with type 1 diabetes and patients with nephropathy disorder. Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, 30(2): 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2009.0026
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13. Kaur R, Matharoo K, Sharma R, Bhanwer A. (2013). C-reactive protein+ 1059 G> C polymorphism in type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease patients. Meta Gene, 1: 82-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mgene.2013.10.012
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14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Psidium Guajava Leaves Ameliorates Mercuric Chloride Induced Neurodegeneration in the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Male Wistar Rats
Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been suggested to be via its antioxidant composition; however, its role in mercury-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive. This study investigated the ameliorative activity of ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves on mercuric chloride-induced toxicity in the cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats.Methods: Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were separated into seven groups with five rats each. Group, I served as control, Group II received 41.5 mg/kg of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), Group III received 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group IV received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and distilled water, Group V received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 500 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group VI received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, while Group VII received 41.5 mg/kg HgCl2 and 1190 mg/kg bwt of Vitamin C. At the end of the administration, the brains of the Wistar rats were excised, oxidative stress markers quantified and brain tissues were fixed in Bouin’s fluid, processed, and stained for histological studies.Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in body weight gain and oxidative stress markers, weak staining of Nissl substance and cytoarchitectural distortion of the cerebral cortices of Wistar rats in mercuric chloride only treated groups when contrasted to the Control and the Groups co-administered mercuric chloride and increasing doses of EEPGL.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves was able to ameliorate neurotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride exposure by mitigating against oxidative stress, preventing weight loss and distortion in the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_244194_ba9f17e26bc4be75250817f318dc1060.pdf
2021-09-01
214
227
10.22034/ijabbr.2021.523093.1348
Mercuric chloride
Psidium guajava
Cerebral cortex
Neurodegeneration
antioxidants
Joy
Ochai
joyochai@gmail.com
1
Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samuel
Adebisi
sam_adebisi@yahoo.com
2
Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Augustine
Ibegbu
austine.ibegbu@funai.edu.ng
3
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi state, Nigeria
AUTHOR
1. Erkkinen M G, Kim M O, Geschwind M D. (2018). Clinical Neurology and Epidemiology of the Major Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 10(4). 10.1101/cshperspect.a033118.
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3
4. Black P, Richard M, Rossin R, Telmer K. (2017). Assessing occupational mercury exposures and behaviours of artisanal and small-scale gold miners in Burkina Faso using passive mercury vapour badges. Environ Res, 152: 462-469. 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.004.
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5. Bridges C C, Zalups R K. (2017). Mechanisms involved in the transport of mercuric ions in target tissues. Archives of toxicology, 91(1): 63-81.
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6. Ke T, Gonçalves F M, Gonçalves C L, dos Santos A A, Rocha J B, Farina M, Skalny A, Tsatsakis A, Bowman A B, Aschner M. (2019). Post-translational modifications in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1865(8): 2068-2081.
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7. Xu F, Farkas S, Kortbeek S, Zhang F X, Chen L, Zamponi G W, Syed N I. (2012). Mercury-induced toxicity of rat cortical neurons is mediated through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptors. Mol Brain, 5: 30. 10.1186/1756-6606-5-30.
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8. da Silva Santana L N, Bittencourt L O, Nascimento P C, Fernandes R M, Teixeira F B, Fernandes L M P, Silva M C F, Nogueira L S, Amado L L, Crespo-Lopez M E. (2019). Low doses of methylmercury exposure during adulthood in rats display oxidative stress, neurodegeneration in the motor cortex and lead to impairment of motor skills. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 51: 19-27.
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9. Tchounwou P B, Yedjou C G, Patlolla A K, Sutton D J. (2012). Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Exp Suppl, 101: 133-164. 10.1007/978-3-7643-8340-4_6.
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10. Rasouli H, Popović-Djordjević J, Sayyed R Z, Zarayneh S, Jafari M, Fazeli-Nasab B. (2020). Nanoparticles: A New Threat to Crop Plants and Soil Rhizobia? In Hayat S Pichtel J Faizan M, Fariduddin Q (Eds.), Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 41: Nanotechnology for Plant Growth and Development (pp. 201-214). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33996-8_11.
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11. Cariccio V L, Samà A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. (2019). Mercury Involvement in Neuronal Damage and in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res, 187(2): 341-356. 10.1007/s12011-018-1380-4.
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12. Khodadadi S, Mahdinezhad N, Fazeli-Nasab B, Heidari M J, Fakheri B, Miri A. (2021). Investigating the Possibility of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Vaccinium arctostaphlyos Extract and Evaluating Its Antibacterial Properties. BioMed research international, 2021: Article ID: 5572252. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5572252.
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14. Camarena-Tello J C, Martínez-Flores H E, Garnica-Romo M, Padilla-Ramírez J S, Saavedra-Molina A, Alvarez-Cortes O, Bartolomé-Camacho M C, Rodiles-López J O. (2018). Quantification of phenolic compounds and in vitro radical scavenging abilities with leaf extracts from two varieties of Psidium guajava L. Antioxidants, 7(3): 34.
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15. Manikandan R, Anand A V. (2015). A Review on Antioxidant activity of Psidium guajava. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 8(3): 339-342.
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18. Animoku Abdulrazaq A, Suleiman M O, Iliyasu Musa O, Bolaji M S, Ademola Y U, Omachonu O A, Muhammad I Z, Simpa M J. (2019). Histomorphological Studies of the Cerebellum in Mercury Exposed Rats and the Role of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C). Evaluation: 4th.
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27. Animoku A, Buraimoh A, Hamman W, Ibegbu A, Pala Y, Iliyasu M. (2016). Ameliorative Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Mercury Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats. Nigerian Journal of Neuroscience, 8(1): 1-7.
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antioxidant Properties of Ferulic Acid on cardiovascular diseases
Background: As a dietary phytochemical, Ferulic acid (FA) is caused by metabolism between phenylalanine and tyrosine with physiological functions like anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cardioprotective properties. This study aims to investigate FA protective effects on cardiovascular diseases.Methods: We covered references like these, web-based scientific databases, PubMed publications, ScienceDirect and Springer. Recent patent on FA therapeutic function in treatment of cardiovascular diseases potential was evaluated.Results: Studies showed that foods rich in FA prevent hypertension. FA, a free radical scavenger, is an enzyme inhibitor which catalyzes free radical generation and enhances scavenger enzyme activity. As a potent scavenger of free radicals, it dilutes oxidative stress, and reduces elevated blood-pressure by improving endothelial function and increasing bioavailability of this oxide in arterial vasculature. FA can enhance angiogenesis and wound healing.Conclusion: In this review, protective function of FA, an antioxidant compound in some nutrition such as fruits, vegetables, and grains, was discussed in terms of its relationship with cardiovascular diseases. Despite numerous data on FA, its effects on human is not recognized; further clinical studies about therapeutic effects of FA on patients with vascular diseases are required.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_244269_7473ab0882d5d2b2754e1ca8cc568c41.pdf
2021-09-01
228
240
10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525197.1350
Phytochemical
cardioprotective
Oxidative stress
Free radicals
hypertension
Farzaneh
Fazeli
seacorales@yahoo.com
1
Department of Biology, Payam Noor University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wang, S., Melnyk, J.P., Tsao, R., Marcone, M.F. 2011. Review how natural dietary antioxidants in fruits, vegetables and legumes promote vascular health. Food Research International, 44: 14–22.
1
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2
Fazeli-nasab B, Moshtaghi N, Forouzandeh M. (2019). Effect of Solvent Extraction on Phenol, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activity of some Iranian Native Herbs. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 27(3): 14-26 https:doi.org/10.29252/sjimu.27.3.14
3
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4
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Rhazya Stricta (Apocynaceae) Extract Prepared with Different Solvents on Staphylococcus Aureus (Staphylococcaceae) Isolated from Humans
Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the first major concern in the 1960s, has reappeared worldwide over the past 20 years. Because these bacteria are not resistant to various conventional therapies, the medicinal and herbal plants used in different countries should be evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These valuable biological resources are a repository of complex active molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans.Methods: Rhazya stricta was collected and their species were identified in the botanical laboratory of University of Zabol. To prepare plant extract, 40 g of dried leaves were used in 400 cc of solvent (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic). The various strains of Staphylococcus aureus used in this study were isolated from the human nose and identified by biochemical, bacteriological and growth tests as well as standard tests. Antimicrobial effects were investigated by well diffusion method in Müller Hinton agar medium. Statistix ver10 software was used for statistical calculations. Mean comparison was performed using the LSD at the level of one percent and Excel software was also used to draw the shapes.Results: Rhazya stricta extracts had different inhibitory zone diameters against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 ppm dilution (p <0.01). R. stricta ethanolic extract had the greatest effect (average 8.3 mm) on inhibiting the growth of 6 strains of S. aureus. Then aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts with an average of 7 mm were in the next ranks. The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest effect on the inhibition of S. aureus. The lowest MIC of R. stricta ethanolic extract against S. aureus samples was 3.1 ppm, which was inhibited by four strains. The lowest MBC was 6.2 ppm.Conclusion: Considering the side effects of chemical drugs and antibiotics as well as the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Rhazya stricta on Staphylococcus aureus, it is recommended to use ethanol solvent to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of R. stricta.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_244283_7dbccb0a38f43b6ee48d8ad863cfc9de.pdf
2021-09-01
241
253
10.22034/ijabbr.2021.528883.1357
d-tocopherol
Harmal
Tetrahydrosecamine
strictanol
genotoxic
Maryam
Beigomi
beigomimaryam@gmail.com
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Laleh
Shahraki-Mojahed
mojahed.l@yahoo.com
2
Department of biochemistry, school of medicine, Zabol University of medical sciences, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Batool
Heydari-Sadegh
beigomimaryam1batool@gmail.com
3
Emergency medicine specialist, Zabol University of medical sciences, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Narjes
Dahmardeh
fereshteh.javadian2narjes@yahoo.com
4
Department of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of medicine, Zabol University of medical sciences, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Rouhani
fereshteh.javadian3rohani@yahoo.com
5
Department of Neurosurgery, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Zabol University of medical sciences, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Fereshteh
Javadian
fereshteh.javadian@yahoo.com
6
Zabol Medicinal Plant Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oils of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) harvested in the Haut-Katanga (DR Congo)
Background: Essential oils are volatile compounds characterized by a strong odor, and are generally biosynthesized by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. This paper aims to extract the essential oils of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara, and to evaluate their antibacterial, and antifungal activities.Methods: The aerial parts of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara were subjected to hydrodistillation to produce the essential oil. The antimicrobial potential was characterized against six microorganisms, signifying three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and one fungus(Candida albicans) by the disc diffusion method to determine the inhibition zone (in mm) and dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).Results: Essential oil extraction was carried out with an average yield of 0.21% for Lippia javanica, and 0.11% for Lantana camara. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity showed that Lippia javanica essential oil had a moderate inhibitory activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC: 0.76 mg/mL), on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.50 mg/mL). The Lantana camara essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against all strains tested. By diffusion disk method, it was found that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most sensitive on Lippia javanica essential oil with an inhibition diameter, which evolved from 7 mm to 24 mm; followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21 mm), Escherichia coli (19 mm) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 mm) at 15 μL. By means of dilution method, the Lantana camara essential oil showed a low activity against Escherichia coli (MIC: 1.64 mg/mL), Klebsiella pneumonia (MIC: 1.64 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL), and Candida albicans (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL) but by disc diffusion method, this oil was slightly inhibitory activity on Escherichia coli (10 mm at 15 μL). For the antifungal activity, the Lantana camara essential oil, and Germicide were inactive on Candida albicans when tested by the disk method.Conclusion: The essential oil of Lippia javanica showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities, while the essential oil of Lantana camara showed low activity. The activities of essential oils studied were less than that of the gentamicin and more than the activity of Germicide, with two positive controls used.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_244301_5e36a532057b586ec9dea0ad0c9e7006.pdf
2021-09-01
254
269
10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525721.1353
Antibacterial
Antifungal
essential oil
Lippia javanica
Lantana camara
Mbayo
Marsi
marsienne@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kalonda
Emery
emerykalonda@yahoo.fr
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Muhune
Simon
muhunes@yahoo.fr
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Numbi
Evodie
evodienumbi@gmail.com
4
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Muyumba
Welcome
welcome.muyumbanonga@student.umons.ac.be
5
Department of Chemistry, Teacher’s Training College of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Lukusa
Tresor
lukusaseth@gmail.com
6
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Misenga
Antoinette
missloveanto42@gmail.com
7
Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Washington, USA
AUTHOR
Derek
Tantoh
dndinteh@uj.ac.za
8
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
AUTHOR
Mbayo
Joseph
mbayomukalajoseph@gmail.com
9
Department of Biology-Chemistry, Teacher’s Training College of Nyunzu, Nyunzu, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Maloba
James
jamesmaloba.24@gmail.com
10
Department of Chemistry, Teacher’s Training College of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Mulamba
Jean
prjmulamba@gmail.com
11
Department of Chemistry, Teacher’s Training College of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Topwe
Milongwe Mwene-Mbeja
topwe@hotmail.ca
12
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
AUTHOR
Lumbu
Jean-Baptiste
lumbujeanbaptiste@gmail.com
13
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Katanga, DR Congo
AUTHOR
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3
4. Fazeli-Nasab B. (2021). Biological Evaluation of Coronaviruses and the Study of Molecular Docking, Linalool, and Thymol as orf1ab Protein Inhibitors and the Role of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Bioterrorism. [Research]. journal of ilam university of medical sciences, 28(6): 77-96. https://doi.org/10.29252/sjimu.28.6.77
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45. Mbayo M, Kalonda E, Muya R, Tshisand P, Kanangila A, Maseho F, Kihuya E, Bakari S, Kahumba J, Lumbu J. (2016). Test d’activité antimitotique et étude chimique préliminaire de quelques Euphorbiaceae du Katanga méridional (RDC). Phytothérapie: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-016-1060-5
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phyto-Mediated silver nanoparticles via melissa officinalis aqueous and methanolic extracts: Synthesis, characterization and biological properties against infectious bacterial strains
Background: The present study was aimed to examine the influence of extraction method on the morphology, physico-chemical characteristics and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Melissa officinalis.Methods: AgNPs were prepared by two extraction methods. The properties of obtained nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, UV-Vis, XRD and FTIR techniques. SEM images showed different shape, size and morphology of AgNPs using two different extracts types.Results: The UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs by observing a distinct surface Plasmon resonance band around 450 nm. SEM images showed different shape, size and morphology of AgNPs using two different extracts types. AgNPs derived from the aqueous extract were rod-shaped with a diameter of 19 to 40 nm whereas spherical particles were synthesized by the methanolic extract found smaller with size distribution ranging from 13 to 35 nm. The XRD pattern indicated that AgNPs formed by the reduction of Ag+ ions using the methanolic extract were crystal-like in nature. The functional groups of the methanolic extract involved in synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs were investigated by FTIR. In addition, AgNPs containing methanolic extract showed higher antioxidant activity.Conclusion: The disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods revealed the antimicrobial potential of these particles exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and a fungus. The production of silver nanoparticles using plant extract is rapid, low cost and eco-friendly. Silver nanoparticles can be used as an antiseptic to sterilize the surrounding area and the hospital wastes.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_245059_971154a22a5721f0fce74a33188fbc6c.pdf
2021-09-01
270
285
10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525079.1349
Bio-Reducing Agent
Green synthesis
Plant extract
Fatemeh
Dehghan Nayeri
fatemeh_dn@yahoo.com
1
Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sudabeh
Mafakheri
smafakheri@gmail.com
2
Department of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Mirhosseini
maryam.m1900@gmail.com
3
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin, Islamic Republic of Iran
AUTHOR
R. Z.
Sayyed
sayyedrz@gmail.com
4
Department of Microbiology, PSGVPM'S Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, 425409 Maharashtra, India
AUTHOR
Suganthy N, Ramkumar V S, Pugazhendhi A, Benelli G, Archunan G. (2018). Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Terminalia arjuna bark extract: assessment of safety aspects and neuroprotective potential via antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antiamyloidogenic effects. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(11): 10418-10433.
1
Khutale G V, Casey A. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of a multifunctional gold-doxorubicin nanoparticle system for pH triggered intracellular anticancer drug release. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 119: 372-380.
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3
Khan I, Saeed K, Khan I. (2019). Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12(7): 908-931.
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5
Rasouli H. (2019). Devil's hand conceals behind the obscure side of AgNPs: A letter to the editor. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 125: 510-513.
6
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7
Fazeli Nasab B. (2019). Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Saffron Petals on Some Bacterial Pathogens. Journal of Medical Bacteriology, 8(5-6): 8-20.
8
Mohammadi-Motlagh H-R, Shokohinia Y, Mojarrab M, Rasouli H, Mostafaie A. (2017). 2-Methylpyridine-1-ium-1-sulfonate from Allium hirtifolium: An anti-angiogenic compound which inhibits growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 93: 117-129.
9
Behravan M, Panahi A H, Naghizadeh A, Ziaee M, Mahdavi R, Mirzapour A. (2019). Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Berberis vulgaris leaf and root aqueous extract and its antibacterial activity. International journal of biological macromolecules, 124: 148-154.
10
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11
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12
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13
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Jain S, Mehata M S. (2017). Medicinal plant leaf extract and pure flavonoid mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their enhanced antibacterial property. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 1-13.
20
Machado R, Alves-Pereira I, Ferreira R. (2018). Plant growth, phytochemical accumulation and antioxidant activity of substrate-grown spinach. Heliyon, 4(8): 1-21.
21
Solidum R S, Alguno A C, Capangpangan R Y. (2018). Controlling the surface plasmon absorption of silver nanoparticles via green synthesis using Pennisetum purpureum leaf extract. Paper presented at the Key Engineering Materials.
22
Palem R R, Ganesh S D, Kroneková Z, Sláviková M, Saha N, Sáha P. (2018). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and biopolymer nanocomposites: a comparative study on physico-chemical, antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Bulletin of Materials Science, 41(2): 1-11.
23
Hafez R A, Abdel-Wahhab M A, Sehab A F, El-Din A-Z A K. (2017). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Morus nigra leave extract and evaluation their antifungal potency on phytopathogenic fungi. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(02): 041-048.
24
Keshari A K, Srivastava R, Singh P, Yadav V B, Nath G. (2020). Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Cestrum nocturnum. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 11(1): 37-44.
25
Salehi S, Shandiz S A S, Ghanbar F, Darvish M R, Ardestani M S, Mirzaie A, Jafari M. (2016). Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Artemisia marschalliana Sprengel aerial part extract and assessment of their antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. International journal of nanomedicine, 11: 1835.
26
Pallela P, Ummey S, Ruddaraju L K, Pammi S V N, Yoon S G. (2018). Ultra Small, mono dispersed green synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia plant and investigation of antibacterial activity. Microb Pathog, 124: 63-69. 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.026
27
Khatami M, Noor F G, Ahmadi S, Aflatoonian M. (2018). Biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles using Salicornia bigelovii and its antibacterial activity. Electronic Physician, 10(4): 1-8.
28
Moodley J S, Krishna S B N, Pillay K, Govender P. (2018). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and its antimicrobial potential. Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 9(1): 1-10.
29
Raza M A, Kanwal Z, Rauf A, Sabri A N, Riaz S, Naseem S. (2016). Size-and shape-dependent antibacterial studies of silver nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemical routes. Nanomaterials, 6(4): 74.
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Mittal A K, Chisti Y, Banerjee U C. (2013). Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts. Biotechnology Advances, 31(2): 346-356.
32
Shaik M R, Khan M, Kuniyil M, Al-Warthan A, Alkhathlan H Z, Siddiqui M R H, Shaik J P, Ahamed A, Mahmood A, Khan M. (2018). Plant-extract-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Origanum vulgare L. extract and their microbicidal activities. Sustainability, 10(4): 1-14.
33
Shankar S S, Ahmad A, Sastry M. (2003). Geranium leaf assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Biotechnology progress, 19(6): 1627-1631.
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35
Jyoti K, Baunthiyal M, Singh A. (2016). Characterization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Urtica dioica Linn. leaves and their synergistic effects with antibiotics. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 9(3): 217-227.
36
Panáček A, Kolář M, Večeřová R, Prucek R, Soukupova J, Kryštof V, Hamal P, Zbořil R, Kvítek L. (2009). Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Candida spp. Biomaterials, 30(31): 6333-6340.
37
Rao N H, N L, Pammi S V, Kollu P, S G, P L. (2016). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using methanolic root extracts of Diospyros paniculata and their antimicrobial activities. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 62: 553-557. 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.072
38
Pethakamsetty L, Kothapenta K, Nammi H R, Ruddaraju L K, Kollu P, Yoon S G, Pammi S V N. (2017). Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using methanolic root extracts of Diospyros sylvatica. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 55: 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2016.04.027
39
Morones J R, Elechiguerra J L, Camacho A, Holt K, Kouri J B, Ramírez J T, Yacaman M J. (2005). The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 16(10): 2346.
40
Perumalla A, Hettiarachchy N S. (2011). Green tea and grape seed extracts—Potential applications in food safety and quality. Food Research International, 44(4): 827-839.
41
Korshed P A. (2018). The molecular mechanisms of the antimicrobial properties of laser processed nano-particle (PhD thesis): The University of Manchester (United Kingdom).
42
Umadevi M, Rani T, Balakrishnan T, Ramanibai R. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles prepared under an ultrasonic field. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology, 4: 1491-1496.
43
Anees Ahmad S, Sachi Das S, Khatoon A, Tahir Ansari M, Afzal M, Saquib Hasnain M, Kumar Nayak A. (2020). Bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles: A mechanistic review. Materials Science for Energy Technologies, 3: 756-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2020.09.002
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Candida Berkh. (1923) Species and Their Important Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases (SAP) Genes Isolated from Diabetic Patients
Background: Candida Berkh. (1923) occurs naturally in the body. But it becomes opportunistic fungi, meaning that it infects humans when there is any weakening of the immune system, such as exposure to chemotherapy, diabetes, or organ transplantation. Most species of Candida grow at a temperature between 20-40 °C and have a pH of 3-8. Human pathogens of Candida species include C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. utili. C. albicans has many virulence factors that facilitate injury process. Virulence factors are considered as a measure of pathogenicity, and it is in the form of fungal toxins, enzymes, or cell structures that facilitate infection, as well as pathogen resistance in different conditions. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of some secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP) genes from some Candida species isolated from diabetic patientsMethods: Candida spp. were identified on CHROMagar medium by color of each species after incubation at 37 °C for 48 hours such as: C. krusei, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis. Germ tube formation test was used to distinguish between germ tube-forming species, such as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis , from those that do not produce germ tube. A portion of the isolation was taken and placed in a test tube containing 0.5 ml of serum, and then incubated at 37 °C for 2-4 hours. A drop of serum was taken out and examined under a microscope for the presence of the germ tube. Growth at 45 °C, has the advantage of distinguishing between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by culturing Candida spp. on SDA medium and, incubation for 48-72 hours at 45 °C.Results: The results of isolation and diagnosis showed that Candida species grew at 37 °C for 48 hours on SDA medium, the shape of the colonies was round or oval-convex, and creamy white, shiny and smooth color. The results of the microscopic examination of the cells were spherical or oval, C. albicans was distinguished by its ability to grow at 45 °C and its ability to form the germ tube. The surface growth test showed the ability of C. tropicalis to grow surface on SDB medium. The medium of CHROMagar showed that C. albicans were light green in color. C. glabrata showed a pale pink color, while C. tropecalis showed a blue color and C. dublineiensis was dark green. DNA extracted samples, including 20 isolates, were used for four species of Candida, 1-9 C. albicans, 10-16 C. glabrata, 17-18 C. dubliniensis and 19-20 C. tropicalis. Parts of the body (mouth, vagina, Urine) detect SAP1 and SAP7 genes by PCR, and after electrophoresis of the PCR product, the results were positive for all Candida species studied as all isolates that contained SAP1 (578bp) and SAP7 (466bp).Conclusion: The SAP genes are among the main virulence factors for the occurrence of candidiasis. SAP1 and SAP7 genes are responsible for digesting and breaking down protein to penetrate the host's tissues.
https://www.ijabbr.com/article_246134_bbee5b519b97d34f545f1bc783a7cd11.pdf
2021-09-01
286
297
10.22034/ijabbr.2021.534165.1361
diabetic patients
Candida spp
Polymerase chain reaction
SAP1
7 genes
Thamer
Muhsen
thamerm555@yahoo.com
1
Department of biology /College of Education for Pure Science / Ibn Al-Haitham, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Risan
m_risan@yahoo.com
2
Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nawras
Alqaysi
nawraalqysi90@gmail.com
3
Department of biology /College of Education for Pure Science / Ibn Al-Haitham, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Organization W H. (2016). World health statistics 2016: monitoring health for the SDGs sustainable development goals: World Health Organization. 161 pages,
1
Okur M E, Karantas I D, Siafaka P I. (2017). Diabetes Mellitus: a review on pathophysiology, current status of oral pathophysiology, current status of oral medications and future perspectives. ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 55(1): 61-82. https://doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.APS.0555
2
khajeh h, Bahari A, Rashki A. (2021). TCF7L2 Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes, Insight from HRM and ARMS Techniques. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res., 9(3): 204-214. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525681.1351
3
Akortha E, Nwaugo V, Chikwe N. (2009). Antifungal resistance among Candida species from patients with genitourinary tract infection isolated in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(11): 694-699.
4
Al-Oebady M A H. (2015). Isolation and identification of Candida species from vaginal, urine and oral swabs by chromagar Candida. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(1): 948-956.
5
Muhsen T A, Hawar S N, Mahdi T S, Khaleel R. (2020). Effect of eucalyptus and myrtus extracts identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on some species of candida as a model of medical plants. Ann. Trop. Med. and Public Health, 23(S10): 1-11. http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.231032
6
Silva S, Negri M, Henriques M, Oliveira R, Williams D W, Azeredo J. (2011). Adherence and biofilm formation of non-Candida albicans Candida species. Trends in microbiology, 19(5): 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2011.02.003
7
Fazeli-Nasab B, Rahmani A F, Valizadeh M, Khajeh H, Beigomi M. (2021). Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants on Human Standard Bacteria and Candida albicans. [Research Article]. Gene Cell Tissue, 8(3): e113092. https://doi.org/10.5812/gct.113092
8
Fazeli-Nasab B, Sayyed R Z, Sobhanizadeh A. (2021). In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis of α-Pinene: An Antioxidant and Anticancer Drug Obtained from Myrtus communis. Int. J. Cancer Manag., 14(2): e89116. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijcm.89116
9
Sariguzel F M, Berk E, Koc A N, Sav H, Demir G. (2015). Investigation of the relationship between virulence factors and genotype of Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 9(08): 857-864. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5359
10
Pandey N, Gupta M K, Tilak R. (2018). Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities of the different Candida spp. isolated from the blood of the Intensive Care Unit-admitted patients. Journal of laboratory physicians, 10(04): 392-396. https://doi.org/10.4103/JLP.JLP_81_18
11
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