International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research

Review Article

Emerging Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Positive Bacteria, with Focus on Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterococcus Spp., and Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Olumakinde Charles Omiyale; Favour Onaskohare Okunbi; Confidence Damian Oparah; Victor Nduka Eluwa; Rosemary Modupeoluwa Awolade; Precious Ifechukwuni Ikuni; Muhammad Bello Demola; Christianah Oluwatosin Agboola; Temitope Oluwapelumi Babalola; Abdul-Hanan Saani Inusah; Abigail Daniel Agbo; Onyekachi Uchenna Uchejuru; Minasu Benjamin Oke; Auguatine Stanley Ugbobuaku

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2017880.1476

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is becoming more prevalent, which presents as an urgent risk to world-wide well-being, necessitating an urgent exploration of its mechanisms, implications, and ... Read More

Original Article

Pervasiveness of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV), among Individuals in Wukari, Taraba State, North-East Nigeria

Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth; Anyiam Vivian Ifeoma; Ofiri Pascal Ngozi; Abhadionmhen Onolunosen Abel

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2022103.1489

Abstract

Globally Human immune-deficiency virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, originating in the 1980s and since then, it has continued to pose a significant public ... Read More Globally Human immune-deficiency virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, originating in the 1980s and since then, it has continued to pose a significant public health challenge most especially in Sub-Sahara Africa and particularly in Nigeria. Despite advancements, challenges persist, including disparities in treatment access and emerging issues like the intersection with the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on determining HIV pervasiveness in Wukari, Taraba State, North East, Nigeria, given its historical burden and progress. The study, conducted in Wukari Town, Southern Taraba, had 100 (35 Males and 65 Females) individuals aged 11-60 participating. HIV rapid test kit was used for the analysis of blood samples collected from participants using standard serological techniques. The results obtained indicated an overall HIV prevalence of 18%, with females (12%) showing higher rates than males (6%). The age group 21-30 had the highest number of positive cases, representing 10% for both males and females. Comparisons with previous studies suggest evolving prevalence patterns, raising concerns about potential underdiagnosis. Gender disparities reflect global trends, emphasizing the vulnerability of women, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding age-specific risks is crucial, with the 21-30 age group requiring targeted interventions. The absence of cases in the 51-60 age group prompts an examination of the effectiveness of prevention measures. This study accentuates the dynamic nature of HIV prevalence, advocating for ongoing research to inform tailored interventions and adapt strategies based on evolving demographic landscapes. This research study further re-affirms the need for routine baseline screening for this serological marker, as it is a major consideration in the commencement and choice of highly active anti-retroviral therapy. Hence, the results of the study implies that patients should be encouraged to go for screening and know their status for proper management and take steps to avoid infecting other individuals. Also, for those that are seropositive, early diagnosis and treatment are recommended measures. Finally, there is need for vigorous awareness campaigns on the routes of transmission of these infections and to educate people living in developing regions as to the deadly effect of these infections.

Original Article

Evaluating the Effect of 3D Printed Polycaprolactone-Boric Acid Scaffold on Proliferation and Bone Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Milad Salemian; Hanieh Jalali; Mohammad Nabiuni; Homa Mohseni Kouchesfehani

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2021433.1486

Abstract

Background: Biocompatible implants are a suitable option in the reconstruction and repair of damaged bone and can be considered instead of bone grafting. However, the materials used ... Read More

Original Article

Morphological Properties of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bert.) Affected by Foliar Application of Iron, Zinc, and Salicylic Acid under Drought Stress

Alireza Gorzi; Heshmat Omidi; Amir Bostani; Mohammad Hosein Bijeh Keshavarzi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2021995.1487

Abstract

Background: Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) is an important source of natural sugar, for the use of people, especially those with diabetes. However, there is no data on the growth ... Read More Background: Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) is an important source of natural sugar, for the use of people, especially those with diabetes. However, there is no data on the growth of stevia under drought conditions affected by plant growth regulators (PGR).Methods: A two-year experiment using 5 kg pots was conducted under field conditions. The objective was to determine the morphological properties of stevia affected by the foliar use of iron (FeSO4, 4 mg/L), zinc (ZnSo4, 3 mg/L), and salicylic acid (1 mM) under different levels of drought stress including control (field capacity, 0.5 atm), 3.5, 6.5, and 10 Atm. Soil water potential was investigated during the experiment using an eco-tensiometer, set with a computer. Different plant morphological properties including plant height (PH), number of leaf per plant (NLP), number of stem per plant (NSP), aerial part fresh weight (AFW), aerial part dry weight or biological yield (ADW), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and the ratio of LDW/ SDW were determined.Results: Stress, PGR, and their interactions significantly affected the measured parameters. Accordingly, drought stress significantly decreased stevia growth, and there was not much of difference among different growth-related factors, under the stress, as they followed a similar trend of growth. The reduction of different growth parameters at the highest level of stress was in the range of 57-76%, related to the control. However, the use of PGR, especially the combined treatments, significantly increased the growth of the stressed plants related to the control treatment, with an increase range of 9.14-22.61% by the triple treatment.Conclusion: Among the single treatments, the iron treatment, and among the combined treatments, the combination of the three PGR, followed by Fe+Zn was the most effective ones. It is possible to increase stevia growth under drought stress using the PGR including Zn, Fe and salicylic acid tested in this research.

Original Article

Synergistic Effects of Beauveria Bassiana, Diatomaceous Earth, and Insecticides on Mortality and Enzyme Activities of Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

Seham Mansour Ismail

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2022183.1491

Abstract

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most destructive pests for many agricultural crops. Since quickly develops resistance ... Read More

Original Article

The Effect of Rasasinex, A Combination of Black Seed and Olive Oil, in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Children

Zahrasadat Hosseini; Mohammad Javad Qasemzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2024924.1502

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a high-prevalent disease. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported between 10% and 15%. Rasasinex, a nasal spray solution is an herbal ... Read More

Review Article

Treatment Approach in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Amirhossein Fakhre Yaseri; Gelayol Chatrnour; Seyed Amir Reza Nemati; Bahar Farhadi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2025095.1504

Abstract

Background: Diabetes, specifically gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), has become a global concern, impacting one out of every ten pregnancies. While previously more prevalent in developed ... Read More

Original Article

Water Extraction of Plant (Momordica Charantia) Reduced Oxidative and Colonic Mucosal Inflammation in Colotic Male Balb/c Mice

Olumakinde Charles Omiyale; Edu Zainab; Ngozi Maryann Nebolisa; Ayomide Balikis Asebebe; Daniel Ebubechi Obasi; Adeleye Adegboyega Edema; Sulaimon Olajuwon Abdul; Uchechukwu Divine Donatus; Obinna Kenneth Didigwu; Derrick Tochukwu Menankiti; Faith Philip Edem; Blessing Oluwatobi Ojo

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2020784.1483

Abstract

Medicinal plants are the most easily accessible health resource for the community and frequently the people’s preferred option. Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is a member ... Read More Medicinal plants are the most easily accessible health resource for the community and frequently the people’s preferred option. Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is a member of the Cucurbitaceous plant used as a vegetable and in traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of water extract of Momordica charantia leaves on male Balb/c mice with acute ulcerative colitis. 28 male mice were acclimatized and equally divided into four groups. The control group was given normal saline; the dextran sulphate sodium group (DSS) received 3% Dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water for seven days; the water extract of Momordica charantia + dextran sulphate sodium group (WEMC+DSS) received water extract of Momordica Charantia for seven days before dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) was administered; the water extract of Momordica charantia group (WEMC) received water extract of Momordica charantia (150mg/kg b.wt.) for 14 days. The mice were daily weighed and sacrificed on the 15th day of the experiment. Their colon and brain were collected for evaluation of disease activity indices (DAI) of colitis, and oxidative and inflammatory damage via biochemical and histological assessments. Results obtained showed no significant difference at (p<0.05) in DAI among the groups. The WEMC+DSS when compared with the DSS group had significantly higher catalase (272.9±54.8, 175.1+12.5, and 200.2±29.7), superoxide dismutase–SOD (347.7±37.5, 223.9±13.1, and 254.9±38.8), and glutathione peroxidase–GPx (28.6±2.20, 27.3±1.24, and 27.8±1.57) activities, and SOD/ (catalase+GPX) ratio (0.01±0.00, 0.003±0.00, and 0.01±0.002) and reduced hydrogen peroxide concentration (7.63±0.54, 4.33±1.28, and 5.71±0.75) in both colon and brain cytosolic fractions, respectively. Histological examination showed transmural inflammation in the DSS group as against mild mucosal inflammation in WEMC+DSS. This result shows that water extract of Momordica charantia has the potential to reduce colitis-induced oxidative damage and inflammation. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the water extract of Momordica charantia leaves has the potential to mitigate oxidative damage and inflammation induced by ulcerative colitis in male Balb/c mice. Although there was no significant difference in disease activity indices among the groups, the group treated with the water extract of Momordica charantia before DSS administration showed significantly higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities and lower levels of hydrogen peroxide concentration in both colon and brain cytosolic fractions compared to the DSS group.

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Volume & Issue: Articles in Press

Emerging Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Positive Bacteria, with Focus on Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterococcus Spp., and Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Abstract

Pervasiveness of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV), among Individuals in Wukari, Taraba State, North-East Nigeria

Abstract

Evaluating the Effect of 3D Printed Polycaprolactone-Boric Acid Scaffold on Proliferation and Bone Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Morphological Properties of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bert.) Affected by Foliar Application of Iron, Zinc, and Salicylic Acid under Drought Stress

Abstract

Synergistic Effects of Beauveria Bassiana, Diatomaceous Earth, and Insecticides on Mortality and Enzyme Activities of Spodoptera Frugiperda (J.E. Smith)

Abstract

The Effect of Rasasinex, A Combination of Black Seed and Olive Oil, in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Children

Abstract

Treatment Approach in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Water Extraction of Plant (Momordica Charantia) Reduced Oxidative and Colonic Mucosal Inflammation in Colotic Male Balb/c Mice

Abstract