Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Islamic Azad University, Borujerd Branch, Department of Agronomy, Borujerd, Iran

2 Deputy of Kermanshah Sararood Dry Land Agricultural Research Institute, Iran

3 Razi Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Objective: In order to study genetic variation and effect of drought stress on grain yield and some morphological traits in chickpea, an experiment was conducted on 64 genotypes during 2013-2014 cropping season at deputy of Kermanshah Sararood Dry Land Agricultural Research Institute, located on the western part of Iran. Methods: The experimental design was a randomized lattice design with tow replications under two complementary irrigation and dryland conditions. Six drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), harmonic mean productivity (HMP),  were calculated and adjusted based on grain yield under drought (Ys) and irrigated conditions (Yp). Results: Results of ANOVA under two complementary irrigation and dryland conditions revealed significant differences among genotypes for YLD, NPMP and NSPP. In dryland condition all of tolerance indices except SSI*TOL have significant negative correlation with SSI index and the rest of indices except TOL*YS, HMP*TOL and YI*TOL show positive correlation. The first two components explained 95.8% of total variation between the data. Based on biplot the genotypes 40 and 63 were superior genotypes under both stress and non-stress conditions. These genotypes had stable performance in the circumstances of low sensitivity to drought stress. Genotypes 29, 55, 56, 57, 45 and 16 had a relatively low yield and they are sensitive to drought stress. In conclusion, this study showed that the effect of drought stress on grain yield was varied which suggested genetic variability for drought tolerance in this materials. Therefore, breeders can select better genotypes based on indices and a combination of different methods of selection.

Keywords

Ahmad, R., Qadir, S., Ahmad, N. and Shah, K. (2003). Yield potential and stability of nine wheat varieties under water stress conditions. Int. J. Agric. Biol, 5: 7-9.
Arumuganathan, K. and Earle, E. (1991). Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species. Plant molecular biology reporter, 9: 208-218.
Cai, H., Tian, S., Liu, C. and Dong, H. (2011). Identification of a MYB3R gene involved in drought, salt and cold stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gene, 485: 146-152.
Clarke, J. M., Townley-Smith, F., McCaig, T. N. and Green, D. G. (1984). Growth analysis of spring wheat cultivars of varying drought resistance. Crop Science, 24: 537-541.
Farshadfar, E., Sheibanirad, A. and Soltanian, M. (2014). Screening landraces of bread wheat genotypes for drought tolerance in the field and laboratory.
International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 3:304-311.
Fernandez, G. C. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. Proceedings of the international symposium on adaptation of vegetables and other food crops in temperature and water stress.
Fischer, R. and Maurer, R. (1978). Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Crop and Pasture Science, 29: 897-912.
Ghasemi, M. and Farshadfar, E. (2015). Screening drought tolerant genotypes in wheat using multivariate and stress tolerance score methods. International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 6: 326-333.
Golabadi, M., Arzani, A. and Maibody, S. M. (2006). Assessment of drought tolerance in segregating populations in durum wheat. Afr J Agric Res, 1: 162-171.
Huang, B. (2000). Role of root morphological and physiological characteristics in drought resistance of plants. Plant–environment interactions. Marcel Dekker
Inc., New York: 39-64.
Krishania, S., Dwivedi, P. and Agarwal, K. (2013). Strategies of adaptation and injury exhibited by plants under a variety of external conditions: a short review. Comunicata Scientiae, 4: 103-110.
Li, P., Chen, J. and Wu, P. (2011). Agronomic characteristics and grain yield of 30 spring wheat genotypes under drought stress and nonstress conditions. Agronomy Journal, 103: 1619-1628.
Mahajan, S. and Tuteja, N. (2005). Cold, salinity and drought stresses: an overview. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 444: 139-158.
Mitra, J. (2001). Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants. CURRENT SCIENCEBANGALORE-, 80: 758-763.
Nayak, S. (2010). Identification of QTLS and Genes for Drought Tolerance Using Linkage Mapping and Association Mapping Approaches in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
Passioura, J. (1983). Roots and drought resistance. Agricultural water management, 7: 265-280.
Pouresmaeil, M., Khavari-Nejad, R., Mozafari, M., Najafi, F., Moradi, F. and Akbari, M. (2012). Identification of drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces. Crop Breeding Journal, 2: 101-110.
Ramirez-Vallejo, P. and Kelly, J. D. (1998). Traits related to drought resistance in common bean. Euphytica, 99:127-136.
Rosielle, A. and Hamblin, J. (1981). Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environment. Crop Science, 21: 943-946.
Schneider, K. A., Rosales-Serna, R., Ibarra-Perez, F., Cazares-Enriquez, B., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., RamirezVallejo, P., Wassimi, N. and Kelly, J. D. (1997). Improving common bean performance under drought stress. Crop
Science, 37: 43-50.
Sojka, R., Stolzy, L. and Fischer, R. (1981). Seasonal drought response of selected wheat cultivars. Agronomy Journal, 73: 838-845.
Yu, L.-X. and Setter, T. L. (2003). Comparative transcriptional profiling of placenta and endosperm in developing maize kernels in response to water deficit. Plant Physiology, 131: 568-582.