Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Botany department, Faculty of Science Menoufia University, Egypt

2 National Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt

10.26655/ijabbr.2019.1.4

Abstract

Mesophilic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes varied during composting cycles with high numbers in the initial and final cycles with maximal values in compost C and D, and sharply decreased in the heating cycles. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were dominated at the initial composting cycle. Whereas, at maturity Bacillus subtilis was the major followed by B.badies, B.polymixa and B.brevious and exhibited high numbers in compost C and D. Thermophilic B.stearothermophilus,Thermus sp. and other Bacillus sp. were the major in the heating cycles(20,40 days) with maximum values in compost A and D. Fusarium oxysporium and F. moniliform disappeared at the heating cycles while, Rhizopus nigricans was the major mesophilic fungus found in compost heaps with maximum value in compost D.  Aspergillus fumigatus was dominated in the heating cycles with high frequency also in compost D. Trichoderma viride and T. ressei appeared  only in cooling cycle and dominated in compost D. Streptomyces antibioticus, St. cinnaborinus, St. roses, Thermo dichotomicus and Thermo vulgaris exhibited high frequencies in all compost heaps in initial and cooling cycles. While, Thermo dichotomicus and Thermo vulgaris were dominated in heating cycles. Microbial succession and community dynamics started by high numbers of mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the initial phase followed by high numbers of thermophilic ones in the heating phase whereas, other mesophilic organisms appeared in the final cooling phase. Mixing equal ratios of Rice, wheat, clover, faba bean and maize straw (compost D) might be more suitable in composting of rice straw.

Keywords

Abdel-Wahab, AFM (1990):Iron-zinc organic wastes interactions and their effects on biological nitrogen fixation in newly reclaimed soils. Ph.D. thesis, Fac. Of Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
Alexander R. 1999. Compost markets grow with environmental applications. BioCycle Magazine, March:43–44.
Allen O. N. (1950): Experimental in soil bacteriology. Burgess publishing Co., USA.
Buswell JA, Change and Shu- Ting (1994): Biomass and extracellular hydrolytic enzyme production by six mushroom species grown on soy bean waste. Biotechnol. Let. 16 (12):1317-1322.
Charest M. H., Antounb A. B. H. and Beauchampa C. J. (2004): Dynamics of water-soluble carbon substabces and microbial populations during the composting of de-inking paper sludge. Bioresource Technol., 91: 53-67.
Crecchio C., Maddalena C., Rosaria M., Patrizia R. and Pacifico R. (2004): Short term effects of mumicipal solid waste compost amendments on soil carbon and nitrogen content on some enzyme activities and genetic diversity. Biol. Fertil. Soil, 34: 311-318.
Ghazifard A., Kermanshahi K. R. and Far Z. E. (2001): Identification of thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria and fungi in Esfahan (Iran) municipal solid waste compost. Waste Manag. Res., 19(3): 257-261.
Gilman J. C. (1957): A manual of soil fungi. The Maple Press Co. New York.
Hachicha S, Sellami F, Cegarra J, Hachicha R, Drira N, Medhioub K, Ammar E. (2009): Biological activity during co-composting of sludge issued from the OMW evaporation ponds with poultry manure-Physico-chemical characterization of the processed organic matter. J Hazard Mater.162(1):402-9.
Korniłłowicz-Kowalska T, Bohacz J.(2010): Dynamics of growth and succession of bacterial and fungal communities during composting of feather waste. Bioresour Technol. 101(4):1268-76.
Lalande R., Gagnon B., Simard R. R. and Tote D. (2000): Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity following liquid hog manure in a long term field trial. Can. J. Soil Sci., 78: 581-587.
 Miller F. C. (1992): Biodegradation of solid wastes by composting. In: Martin A. M. (ed.) Biological degradation of wastes, pp. 1-30, Elsavier Applied Science, London.
Namkoony W. and Hwang E. Y. (1997): Operational parameters for composting night. Compost Sci 5 (4): 46-51.
Novinscake A., De Coste NJ., Surette C., Filion M.(2009): Characterization of bacterial and fungal communities in composted biosolids over a 2 year period using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Can J Microbiol. 55(4):375-87.
Raper K. P. and Fennel D. I. (1963): The genus Aspergillus. Williams and Wilkems Co.
Raper K. P. and Fennel D. I. (1977): Aspergillus. Robert company, Huntington New York.
Rashad FM, Saleh WD, Moselhy MA. (2010): Bioconversion of rice straw and certain agro-industrial wastes to amendments for organic farming systems: 1. Composting, quality, stability and maturity indices. Bioresour Technol.101(15):5952-60.
Saidi N., Cherif M., Jedidi N., Mahrouk M., Fumio M., Boudabous A. and Hassen A. (2008): Evolution of biochemical parameters during composting of various wastes compost. American J. of environ. Sci. 4(4): 332-341.
Strom P. F. (1985): Identification of thermophilic bacteria in soil waste composting. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50: 906-913.                                                                                                                                   
Tang J.C., Shibata A, Zhou Q, Katayama A. (2007): Effect of temperature on reaction rate and microbial community in composting of cattle manure with rice straw. J. Biosci Bio eng. 104(4):321-8.
Tang J.C., Zhou Q.X, Zhang G.H. (2007):Physico-chemical and microbial properties in thermophilic composting processes of differentbiological solid wastes. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 28(5):1158-64.
Tiquia S. M. (2005): Microbial community dynamics in manure composts based on 16S and 18S rDNA T-RFLP profiles.Environ Technol. 26(10):1101-13.
Venglovsky J., Sasakova N., Vargova M. and Pacajova Z. (2005): Evolution of temperature and chemical parameters during composting of the pig slurry solid fraction amended with natural zeolit. Bioresources Technology, 96: 181-189.