Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 1National Wheat Research Program, Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal 2Soil Science Division, Khumaltar, Nepal

2 Soil Science Division, Khumaltar, Nepal

3 National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

4 4Regional Agriculture Research Station, Lumle, Kaski, Nepal

10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2020.2.5

Abstract

A 3- years (2015, 2016 and 2017) field study was carried out at National Wheat Research Program, Bhirahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal to evaluate the influence of crop residues and nitrogen levels on rice. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. Main plots were two crop residue levels (with crop residues of 30 cm wheat stubble and without crop residues) and sub plots consisted of seven nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg N ha-1). Combined analysis of three years data revealed that crop residue levels did not differ significantly in terms of grain yield; however crop residues incorporation increased the rice grain yield slightly. Significant difference was observed with application of different nitrogen levels in grain yield and yield attributing characters viz; tillers m-2, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle and thousands grain weight. Rice grain yield was found at increasing rate with increased level of nitrogen @ 150 kg ha-1. Application of nitrogen @ 150 kg ha-1 gave highest grain yield of 4831kg ha-1 which was found at par with nitrogen @ 125 kg ha-1 with grain yield of 4722 kg ha-1. Crop residues with nitrogen @ 125 kg ha-1 resulted in 216 kg ha-1 higher rice grain yield than residues removed treatment. The overall conclusion is that an improved crop residue management with 125 kg N ha-1 increases the grain yield of rice in long run.

Keywords

Bahrani, MJ, Kheradnam, M, Emam, Y, Ghadiri, H, Assad, MT. (2002). Effect of tillage methods on wheat yield and yield components in continuous wheat cropping. Exp. Agric., 38:389-395.
Cookson, WR, Beare, MH, Wilson, PE. (1998). Residue quality and management effects on microbial properties and crop residue decomposition. Appl. Soil Ecol., 7:179-188.
Garrido-Lestache, E, Lopez-Bellido, RJ, Lopez-Bellido, FJ. (2005). Durum wheat quality under Mediterranean conditions as affected by N rate, timing and splitting, N form and S fertilization. Eur. J. Agron., 23:265-278.
Gupta, RK, Singh, Y, Ladha JK, Singh, B, Singh, J, Singh, G, Pathak, H. (2007). Yield and phosphorus transformations in a rice-wheat system with crop residue and phosphorus management. Soil Sc. Soc. Am. J., 71:1500-1507.
Hassan, G, Khan, NU, Khan, QN. (2003). Effect of transplanting date on the yield and yield components of different rice cultivars under high temperature of D.I. Khan. Sci. Khy., 16: 129-137.
Hooker, ML, Heroon, GM, Penas, P. (1982). Effect of residue burning, removal and incorporation on irrigated cereal crop yield and soil chemical properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 46:122-126.
Khatri, N, Chalise, DR, Rawal, N. (2017). Short term effect of crop residue and different nitrogen levels on grain yield of wheat under rice-wheat system. Int. J. Environ. Agric. Biotech., 2(4): 1689-1693.
Kumar, K, Goh, KM. (2000). Crop residue management: Effects on soil quality, soil nitrogen dynamics, crop yield, and nitrogen recovery. Adv. Agron., 68:197–319.
Powlson, DS, Jenkinson, DS, Pruden, G, Johnston, AE. (1985). The effect of straw incorporation on the uptake of nitrogen by winter wheat. J. Sci. Food Agric.,36:26-30.
Rieger, S, Richner, W, Streit, B, Frossard, E, Liedgens, M. (2008). Growth, yield, and yield components of winter wheat and the effects of tillage intensity, preceding crops, and N fertilization. Eur. J. Agron.,28:405-411.
Salahuddin, KM, Chowhdury, SH, Munira, S, Islam, MM, Parvin, S. (2009). Response of nitrogen and plant spacing of transplanted Aman rice. Bangladesh J. Agric. Res., 34(2):279–285.
Singh, B, Shan, YH, Johnson, SE, Singh, Y, Buresh, RJ. (2008). Crop residue management for lowland rice-based cropping systems in Asia. Adv. Agron., 98:118-199.
Singh, MK, Thakur, R, Verma, UN, Upasani, RR, Pal, SK. (2000). Effect of planting time and nitrogen on production potential of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L). cultivars in Bihar Plateau. Indian J. Agron., 45(2):300–303.
Singh, Y, Singh, B, Timsina, J. (2005). Crop residue management for nutrient cycling and improving soil productivity in rice-based cropping systems in the tropics. Adv. Agron., 85:269-407.
Singh, YS, Singh, B, Ladha, JK, Khind, CS, Khera, TS, Bueno, CS. (2004). Effects of residue decomposition on productivity and soil fertility in rice-wheat rotation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.,68:854-864.
Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of rice crop science. Los Baños, Philippines: IRRI.