International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research

Screening of bacteria Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943 (Streptomycetaceae) Isolates from Soil Samples in Iraq

Bassam Qasim; Mohsen Hashim Risan

Volume 9, Issue 4 , October 2021, , Pages 340-351

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.534456.1364

Abstract

Background: The genus Streptomyces Waksman & Henrici 1943 includes aerobic, gram-positive, and filamentous bacteria which produce well developed vegetative hyphae with branches. ... Read More Background: The genus Streptomyces Waksman & Henrici 1943 includes aerobic, gram-positive, and filamentous bacteria which produce well developed vegetative hyphae with branches. The wall consists of a large mixture of different compounds, including peptidoglycan, teichuronic acid, teichoic, and polysaccharides. The peptidoglycan components consist of glycan as a chains of irregular N-acetyl- d-muramic acid (NAM), diaminopimelic acid, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) and DAP, which is unique in the cell walls of prokaryotic microorganisms. The teichoic and teichuronic acid are chemically bonded to peptidoglycan.Methods: One gram of soil samples was used to make suspension, by adding 99 mL of sterile distilled water (stock suspension) into it and shaking it in a shaker at 160 rpm for 30 minutes at room temperature. Serial dilutions from 0.1-0.001 were made from the stock suspension, and left for 10 minutes. After shaking, 0.1 mL of each dilution was cultured on Yeast Extract and Malt Extract agar (YEME) with Streptomycin 50 ug/mL. The inoculated plates were incubated at 28 °C for 7 to 10 days. Based on cultural characteristics, suspected colonies of Streptomyces were selected, which are characterized as small, white, pin-point, rough, chalky, and a clear zone of inhibition around them. These colonies were confirmed their identification by types of Gram’s stain, aerial and substrate mycelium color, pigment production, and pigment color. Streptomyces were re-streaked on International Streptomyces project (ISP) to obtain pure colonies used for identification. Results: The current study aimed to screen bacteria Streptomyces isolates. Only 21 samples of soil were suspected to contain Streptomyces, and 45 isolates were obtained with different morphology types per samples of soil. The colonies suspects were selected basis on color that ranged from gray, white and creamy. The microscopic examination of local Streptomyces spp. after Gram-staining method was conducted. The observations revealed that local Streptomyces is gram positive and rod shaped similar to features of fungal in possessing branched mycelium. The Streptomyces produced extra cellular enzymes like amylase, urease, catalase, protease, Gelatinase, cellulase and phosphatase. Utilization of citrate was positive, with no Melanine reaction production and soluble pigmented, and negative for indole production.Conclusion: The identification of the Streptomyces is a very complex process. Morphological and biochemical characteristics are two important aspects for the classification in the Streptomycetaceae family. By studying the morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics, it is observed that the local isolates are belonging to the genus of Streptomyces.

Evaluation of Relationship between Vitamin D Supplementation Treatment and Hypercalciuria in Patients with Kidney Stones

Elham Javadian; Ali Alidadi; Mahmoud Ali Kaykhaei

Volume 9, Issue 4 , October 2021, , Pages 352-361

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.537924.1366

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D, especially calcitriol (its active metabolite), increases gastrointestinal calcium absorption. Because urinary calcium excretion is associated with calcium absorption ... Read More

Factors Affecting Level of Knowledge on Hepatitis C among Young Couples before Marriage: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aida Moarrefzadeh; Ali Delpisheh; Arash Sarveazad; Jebreil Shamseddin; Mansour Bhardoust

Volume 9, Issue 4 , October 2021, , Pages 362-371

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.538010.1367

Abstract

Background: Despite the great importance of public knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases such as hepatitis c virus (HCV), very few studies have been conducted in this field in ... Read More Background: Despite the great importance of public knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases such as hepatitis c virus (HCV), very few studies have been conducted in this field in Iran. Therefore, the present study determined the factors affecting the knowledge of young couples before marriage in relation to HCV.Methods: During this cross-sectional study, 1501 couples were assessed, out of which 1110 (73.9%) couples entered the study. A standard questionnaire was used to collect the data. In this questionnaire, first, the demographic characteristics of the participants such as age, gender, level of education, daily extracurricular study, and hours of mass media use were collected, followed by the main items of the study. After data gathering, they were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistical Software Version 22. Univariate analysis was used to examine the relationship between factors related to the knowledge, and multivariate analysis was used to estimate the related factors.Results: The total score of knowledge about hepatitis C was 0.49 ± 0.29. The total knowledge score for hepatitis C symptoms was 0.27± 0.19. The total score of knowledge about hepatitis C transmission routes was 0.34±0.28. The univariate analysis showed that age, level of education, history of hepatitis in a first degree relative of the family, and social networks were significantly associated with the rate of knowledge about hepatitis C (p <0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that females [(B: 2.11), CI 95% (1.07_3.25), p: 0.014)], higher education level [(B: 4.01), CI 95% (1.98_6 .33), p: 0.014)], history of hepatitis in a first degree relative of the family [(B: 3.56), 95% CI (1.46_5.69), p: 0.011)] and use of social networks [ (B: 2.77), CI 95% (1.11_4.48), p: 0.014)] were significantly associated with the rate of knowledge about HCV.Conclusion: Compared with other studies in this field, the level of knowledge about hepatitis C among young couples in Iran is alarmingly low. In health policies related to hepatitis C, more attention should be paid to the population of men, people with less than a bachelor's degree.

TCF7L2 Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes, Insight from HRM and ARMS Techniques

hamideh khajeh; Abbas Bahari; Ahmad Rashki

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 204-214

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525681.1351

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is a biological problem of life in a new way in human societies, especially in developing countries. Environmental and genetic factors are mutually influential ... Read More

Psidium Guajava Leaves Ameliorates Mercuric Chloride Induced Neurodegeneration in the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Male Wistar Rats

Joy Ochai; Samuel Sunday Adebisi; Augustine Oseloka Ibegbu

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 214-227

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.523093.1348

Abstract

Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been suggested to be via its antioxidant composition; however, its role in mercury-induced neurotoxicity ... Read More

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Rhazya Stricta (Apocynaceae) Extract Prepared with Different Solvents on Staphylococcus Aureus (Staphylococcaceae) Isolated from Humans

Maryam Beigomi; Laleh Shahraki-Mojahed; Batool Heydari-Sadegh; Narjes Dahmardeh; Reza Rouhani; Fereshteh Javadian

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 241-253

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.528883.1357

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the first major concern in the 1960s, has reappeared worldwide over the past 20 years. Because these bacteria are not resistant to ... Read More Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the first major concern in the 1960s, has reappeared worldwide over the past 20 years. Because these bacteria are not resistant to various conventional therapies, the medicinal and herbal plants used in different countries should be evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These valuable biological resources are a repository of complex active molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans.Methods: Rhazya stricta was collected and their species were identified in the botanical laboratory of University of Zabol. To prepare plant extract, 40 g of dried leaves were used in 400 cc of solvent (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic). The various strains of Staphylococcus aureus used in this study were isolated from the human nose and identified by biochemical, bacteriological and growth tests as well as standard tests. Antimicrobial effects were investigated by well diffusion method in Müller Hinton agar medium. Statistix ver10 software was used for statistical calculations. Mean comparison was performed using the LSD at the level of one percent and Excel software was also used to draw the shapes.Results: Rhazya stricta extracts had different inhibitory zone diameters against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 ppm dilution (p <0.01). R. stricta ethanolic extract had the greatest effect (average 8.3 mm) on inhibiting the growth of 6 strains of S. aureus. Then aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts with an average of 7 mm were in the next ranks. The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest effect on the inhibition of S. aureus. The lowest MIC of R. stricta ethanolic extract against S. aureus samples was 3.1 ppm, which was inhibited by four strains. The lowest MBC was 6.2 ppm.Conclusion: Considering the side effects of chemical drugs and antibiotics as well as the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Rhazya stricta on Staphylococcus aureus, it is recommended to use ethanol solvent to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of R. stricta.

Candida Berkh. (1923) Species and Their Important Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases (SAP) Genes Isolated from Diabetic Patients

Thamer A Muhsen; Mohsen Hashim Risan; Nawras N Alqaysi

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 286-297

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.534165.1361

Abstract

Background: Candida Berkh. (1923) occurs naturally in the body. But it becomes opportunistic fungi, meaning that it infects humans when there is any weakening of the immune system, ... Read More Background: Candida Berkh. (1923) occurs naturally in the body. But it becomes opportunistic fungi, meaning that it infects humans when there is any weakening of the immune system, such as exposure to chemotherapy, diabetes, or organ transplantation. Most species of Candida grow at a temperature between 20-40 °C and have a pH of 3-8. Human pathogens of Candida species include C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. utili. C. albicans has many virulence factors that facilitate injury process. Virulence factors are considered as a measure of pathogenicity, and it is in the form of fungal toxins, enzymes, or cell structures that facilitate infection, as well as pathogen resistance in different conditions. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of some secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP) genes from some Candida species isolated from diabetic patientsMethods: Candida spp. were identified on CHROMagar medium by color of each species after incubation at 37 °C for 48 hours such as: C. krusei, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis. Germ tube formation test was used to distinguish between germ tube-forming species, such as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis , from those that do not produce germ tube. A portion of the isolation was taken and placed in a test tube containing 0.5 ml of serum, and then incubated at 37 °C for 2-4 hours. A drop of serum was taken out and examined under a microscope for the presence of the germ tube. Growth at 45 °C, has the advantage of distinguishing between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by culturing Candida spp. on SDA medium and, incubation for 48-72 hours at 45 °C.Results: The results of isolation and diagnosis showed that Candida species grew at 37 °C for 48 hours on SDA medium, the shape of the colonies was round or oval-convex, and creamy white, shiny and smooth color. The results of the microscopic examination of the cells were spherical or oval, C. albicans was distinguished by its ability to grow at 45 °C and its ability to form the germ tube. The surface growth test showed the ability of C. tropicalis to grow surface on SDB medium. The medium of CHROMagar showed that C. albicans were light green in color. C. glabrata showed a pale pink color, while C. tropecalis showed a blue color and C. dublineiensis was dark green. DNA extracted samples, including 20 isolates, were used for four species of Candida, 1-9 C. albicans, 10-16 C. glabrata, 17-18 C. dubliniensis and 19-20 C. tropicalis. Parts of the body (mouth, vagina, Urine) detect SAP1 and SAP7 genes by PCR, and after electrophoresis of the PCR product, the results were positive for all Candida species studied as all isolates that contained SAP1 (578bp) and SAP7 (466bp).Conclusion: The SAP genes are among the main virulence factors for the occurrence of candidiasis. SAP1 and SAP7 genes are responsible for digesting and breaking down protein to penetrate the host's tissues.

Nanoencapsulation of Phthalate from Melastomastrum Capitatum (Fern.) in Chitosan-Nps as a Target Mediated Drug Delivery for Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogen

Cletus Anes Ukwubile; Emmanuel Oise Ikpefan; Otalu Otalu; Salihu Njidda; Alexander Ezekiel Angyu; Nnamdi D. Menkiti

Volume 9, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 160-180

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.241725

Abstract

Background: Chitosan nanoparticle (chitosan-NPs) is a polymer obtained from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, and has been applied recently as a carrier for many drug agents. Multi-drug ... Read More

The effects of chitosan nanoparticles on genes expression of artemisinin synthase in suspension culture of Artemisia annua L: A comparative study

Bita Ghassemi; Fatemeh Dehghan Nayeri; Ramin Hosseini

Volume 9, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 214-227

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.523524.1343

Abstract

Background: Despite significant efforts, the artemisinin-based drugs are still very expensive due to the limited production of this metabolite within wild Artemisia spp . plants. Therefore, ... Read More

A 3-Dimentional Framework for Studying the Effects of Structural and Physical Properties of the Renal Outer Medulla on Urine Concentrating Mechanism

Maryam Saadatmand; Mohammad Said Saidi; Salman Sohrabi; Mohammad Hossein Banazadeh; Saeed Sadeghi Lafmejani; Hamid Hamed; Bahar Firoozabadi

Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 28-47

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.44618

Abstract

Background: Many theories and mathematical simulations have been proposed concerning urine concentrating mechanism (UCM). Due to significant effect of the tubule and vessel architecture ... Read More

An Inexpensive and Simple Method for Isolation Mesenchymal Stem Cell of Human Amnion Membrane

Ali Shadmanesh; Hassan Nazari; Abolfazl Shirazi; Ebrahim Ahmadi; Naser Shams-Esfandabadi

Volume 9, Issue 1 , January 2021, , Pages 119-127

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.46373

Abstract

Background: Background: Human-amnion membrane mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are the accessible cells that can be grown in in vitro condition to produce a great number of cells required ... Read More

Survey of Plants Used in Folk Medicine in Bali, Gashaka and Sarduana Local Government Areas Taraba State Nigeria for the Treatment of Cancers

Cletus Anes Ukwubile; Jude A. Odugu; Salihu Njidda; Blessing Ogechukwu Umeokoli; Abdulqadir Bukar Bababe; Mathias Simon Bingari; Alexander E. Angyu

Volume 8, Issue 4 , November and December 2020, , Pages 322-339

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2020.38756

Abstract

Cancer disease has been on the increase recently in both developed and developing countries of the world resulting in 40 million deaths annually. Ethno-medicinal survey of indigenous ... Read More

Regenerative Medicine: Highlight on the Significance of Therapeutics with Novel Strategies

Mozhdeh Haddadi; Mohammad Javad Mousavi

Volume 8, Issue 4 , November and December 2020, , Pages 370-387

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2020.39984

Abstract

Background: There is a worldwide effort to present novel approaches for the development of tolerance-induction treatments in regenerative medicine, after years of investigation in clinical ... Read More

Reinforcement of a decellularized extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel using nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering

Shohreh Mashayekhan; Mahboubeh Jahanshahi; Saeed Moghadam

Volume 8, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 303-314

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2020.3.8

Abstract

The role of heart disease in increasing worldwide death and the limited availability of organs for transplantation have encouraged multiple strategies to fabricate functional and implantable ... Read More

The evaluation and comparison of thermo-physical, chemical and biological properties of palladium (II) complexes on binuclear diamine ligands with different anions using the DFT method

Mohammad Jahidul Islam; Md. Nuruzzaman Sarker; Ajoy Kumer; Sunanda Paul

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 306-325

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.4.3

Abstract

As cancer is the top killer diseases in the world, the scientists and researchers have been searching the new drugs and remedy methods. Most of the anticancer drugs are organic compounds ... Read More

Effect of sub-effective dose of GABA agonists on attenuation of morphine tolerance in rats: Behavioral and electrophysiological studies

Homa Manaheji; Shima Mehrabadi

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 326-334

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.4.4

Abstract

GABAergic drugs can change analgesic effect of morphine. Wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons play an important role in pain transmission and may change behaviors in morphine tolerance. ... Read More

Bioorganic investigation of encapsulated Cysteine derivative into polymeric nanocarrier

Ehab M. Ali; Ahmed Hamed

Volume 7, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 342-352

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.4.6

Abstract

In this work, the copolymer-based synthesized Cysteine-loaded nanocarriers prepared by a routine protocol, coprecipitation method. It is the first report to investigate the neuroprotective ... Read More

The Therapeutic Effect of Statins on Survival of Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: a Review

Ali Olfati; Nasrollah Moradi-kor

Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 191-203

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.1

Abstract

Cancer -can significantly have ruining effects on very high of human beings, social, and economic condition. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer has been reported as one of the most prevalent ... Read More

Pretreatment Of Nano Chitosan And Nano Calcium (X. gideon) In The Application Of Acetic Acid To Enamel Hardness

Ade Komariah Komariah; Selly Parcelia; Bambang S. Trenggono

Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 246-254

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.6

Abstract

Background:Chitosan and Calcium are one of the natural polymeric materials obtained from the exoskeleton of Xylotrupes gideon through demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation ... Read More

Risk Factors of Gangrenous Cholecystitis in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mehrdad Mirzaei Roozbahani; Mohamad Kazem Shahmoradi; Jafar Mehri; Arefe Qolampoor; Bahram Nasiri; Fatemeh Pakmehr

Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 255-262

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.7

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting the development of acute cholecystitis toward gangrenous cholecystitis in an Iranian society.Materials and Methods: ... Read More

Apoptotic and Autophagic modulation by nicotine

Zahra Ahmadi; Milad Ashrafizadeh; Melika Forouzan

Volume 7, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 263-273

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.8

Abstract

Cigarette smoking is growing and nicotine is considered as the most adverse agent in the cigarette smoking. Nicotine is an alkaloid and forms 90% of alkaloids of cigarette. Nicotine ... Read More

Investigating the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma Symptoms in Khomein Town, Markazi Province, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

Babak Abdolkarimi; Javad Javaheri; Iraj Sedighi; Mahshid Garmsiri; Saman Sedighi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 105-112

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.2.1

Abstract

Asthma is the most common cause of recurrent wheezing, cough and dyspnea in childhood. Delay in diagnosis and lack of appropriate treatment can cause sustained changes which decrease ... Read More

Evaluation of the Expression of the CK-18 Tumor Marker in Blood Samples of Breast Cancer Patients using Real-Time PCR

Armin Gharibi; Roudabeh Behzadi Andouhjerdi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 142-150

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.2.5

Abstract

Background: Cytokeratins (CK) are the largest subgroup of interstitial proteins, and their expression changes during the development of cancer. Cytokeratin (CK-18) is one of the major ... Read More

Expression of FGF19 gene as an effective gene for the invasive behavior of cancer cells in patients with colorectal cancer

Reza Yavari; saeed zaker bostanabad; Armin Gharibi

Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 151-159

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.2.6

Abstract

Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second and third most common cancer in women and men respectively. Early diagnosis of illness will reduce pain and costs for patients. In this ... Read More

Study the effect of indomethacin administration on breast tumor growth and iNOS gene expression in tumor-bearing mice

Soheil Afshari Behbahanizadeh; Samad Farashi Bonab

Volume 7, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 160-172

https://doi.org/10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.2.7

Abstract

Breast cancer is a public health concern among the women. iNOS is stated by the effect of various inflammatory factors and is thus called inducible NOS. Investigating iNOS expression ... Read More

Volume 12 (2024)

Volume 11 (2023)

Volume 10 (2022)

Volume 9 (2021)

Volume 8 (2020)

Volume 7 (2019)

Volume 6 (2018)

Volume 5 (2017)

Volume 4 (2016)

Volume 3 (2015)

Volume 2 (2014)

Volume 1 (2013)

Main Subjects = Biomedical Sciences

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