Document Type : Original Article
Author
University of Abuja, Nigeria
10.33945/SAMI/IJABBR.2019.3.4
Abstract
A 42 days experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of dried Centella asiatica leaf meal (CSP) as an herbal feed additive on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. A total of 200 Ross 308 day old broiler chicks of mixed sex was divided into four (4) treatment groups of fifty (50) birds, each group was further divided into five replicates each of ten (10) birds. Group A was fed basal diet + 0% CPS (control), group B,C and D were fed basal diet + 2%, 4% and 6% CPS respectively. The basal diet was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of birds according to NRC (1994). Feed and water was provided unrestricted and a completely randomized design and birds were vaccinated according to the prevailing disease in the environment. The results obtained showed that there were significant (p0.05) the daily feed intake and mortality rate. All the hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) different among the treatments.
It can be concluded that the inclusion of CPS at 6% enhanced the overall performance of the birds without causing any deleterious effect on the health of the animals.
Keywords
Al-Bayati, FA. (2008). Synergistic antibacterial activity between Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinellaanisum essential oil and methanol extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol., 116:403-406.
Akerreta, S, Calvo, MI, Cavero, RY. (2010). Ethnoveterinary knowledge in Navarra (Iberian Peninsula). J. Ethnopharmacol., 130:369-378.
Ahmed, AA, Bassuony, NI, (2009). Importance of medical herbs in animal feeding. World J. Agricul. Sci., 5:456-465.
Elagib HAA, and Ahmed ADA. (2011). Comparative study on haematological values of blood of indigenous chickens in Sudan. Asian J. Poult. Sci., 5(1):41-45, 2011
Liu, YG, Yan, G, Chen, G, and Zhang, J. (2009). Efficacy trials of crude extractions from Artemisia Annul. L against Newcastle disease virus in vivo in xinjiang. Mod. Appl. Sci., 3:176-178.
Rota, C, Carraminana, JJ, Burillo, J, and Herrera, A. (2004). In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oil from aromatic plants against selected food pathogens. J. Food Prot., 67:1252-1256.
Reitman, S, and Frankel, S. (1957). A calorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetate and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Animal J. Clin. Pathol., 28:56.
Levic, J, Cabarkapa, I, Todorovic, G, Pavkov, S, Sredanović S, Coghill-Galonja T, Kostadinović L. (2011). In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil from plant family Lamiaceae. Romanian Biotech Lett., 16:6034-6041.
Latheef, SK. (2013). Evaluation of immunomodulatory properties of four herbal preparations (Withaniasomnifera, Tinosporacordifolia, Azadirachtaindica and E Care Se Herbal) against chicken infectious anaemia in chicks. Msc Thesis, Deemed University, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
Soetan, KO, Akinrinde, AS, and AJibade TO. (2013). Preliminary studies on the haematological parameters of cockerels fed raw and processed guinea corn (Sorghum bicolor) Pg 42-52. Proceedings of 38th Annual Conference of Nigerian Society of Animal Production.
Adeyinka, JN, and Bello, HO. (2013).Serum biochemical parameters in clinically healthy dogs in Ibadan. Tropical Veterinarian 16(3-4):123-120.
Duncan, DB. (1955). Multiple Range and Multiple F-Test. Biometrics, 11:1-42.
Harbone, IB. (1973). A guide to modern techniques to plant analysis. Chapman and hall, New York, USA 2nd Edition.
Scott, HM. (1965). Measurement of Albino Acid content of fish meal protein by chick growth assay, P.Sc, pp: 395-65.
Jain, NC. (1986) Schalms veterinary hematology 4th edition Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia
Singh, A. (2012). Managing internal parasites in organic livestock, Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada. http//www.cog.ca/documents/Managinginternalparasitesinorganiclivestock.pdf.
Chew SH, Kaur, B, Nurul, H, Alias AK, and Ariffin F. (2011). Effect of fermentation on the composition of Castellaasiatica tea. Am. J. Food Tech., 6(7):581-593.
Paramageetham, C, Babu, GP, and Rao, JS. (2004). Somatic enbrayogenesis in Castellaasiatica L. an important medicinal and nutraceutical plant of India. Plant Cell. Tissue Cult., 79:19-24.
Agbabiaka, LA, Madubuike, FN, and Esonu, BO. (2012). Performance, carcass and organ weight characteristics of broiler finisher fed varying levels of tigernut meal as a dietary supplement. Bri. J. Poul. Sci., 1(2):11-17, 2012.
Tarek M, Al-Ruqaei IM, and Almufarij SI. (2013). Effect of feeding Olive leaves extract on the performance, nutrient utilization, small intestine and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. J. Animal Veter. Adv., 12(6):740-746, 2013.
Al-Mashhadani HE. (2015). Effect of different levels of turmeric supplementation on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and bacterial count. Egy. Poul. Sci. J., 35:1(25-39), 2015. http//www.epsaegypt.com
Abdi-Hachesoo, B, Talebi, A, and Asri-Rezaei S. (2011). Comparative study on blood profiles of Indigenous and Ross-308 broiler breeders. Global Vet., 7:238-241.
Kececi, T, and Col R. (2011). Haematological and biochemical values of the blood of pheasants of different ages. Turk. J. Vet. Animal Sci., 35:149-156.
Karangiya, VV, Savsani, HH, Patil, SS, Garg, DD, Murthy, KS, Ribadiya, NK, and Vekariya SJ. (2016). Effect of dietary supplementation of garlic, ginger and their combination on feed intake, growth performance and economics in commercial broilers. Vet. World, 9(3):245-250. EISSN: 2231-0916 Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.9/March-2016/4.pdf
Safa, MA, Eltazi Mohamed, KA, and Mukhtar, MA. (2014). Effect of using garlic powder as natural feed additive on performance and carcass quality of broiler chicks. Assiut Vet. Med. J., 60(141):45-53.
Simaraks, S, Chinrasri, O, and Aengwanich W. (2004). Haematological electrolyte and serum biochemistry values of the Thai indigenous chickens (Gallus domesticus) in north eastern Thailand. Sonhklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 26:425-430.
Ladokun, AO, Yakubu, A, Otite, JR, Omeje, JN, Sokunbi, OA, and Onyeji, E. (2008). Haematological and serum biochemical indices of naked neck and normally feathered. Nigeria indigenous chickens in a sub humid tropical environment. Int. J. Poul. Sci., 7:55-58.
Talebi, A, Asri-Rezaei, S, Rozeh-Chai, R, and Sahraei, R. (2005). Comparative studies on haematological values of broiler strains (Ross, Cobb, Arbo-acre and Arian). Int. J. Poul. Sci., 4:573-579.
Sarica, S, Ciftci, A, Demir, E, Kilinc K, and Yildirim Y. (2005). Use of an antibiotic growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives with and without exogenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets. South Afr. J. Animal Sci., 2005, 35(1):2005.
Hargano, D, Astuti, Y, Lastari, P, and Van Deh B. (1999). Centellaasiatica: Plant resource of South east Asia Medicinal and Poisonous Plants; Padua L.S.N Bunyapraphatsara and R.H.M.J Lemmens (Eds) Backhuys Publisher Leiden, the Netherlands, Pp 190-194.
Mariappan S. (2018). Preliminary phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds from leaves of Centellaasiatica L. Urban. Int. J. Biology Res., 3(1):57-65.
Edeoga, HO, Okwa, DE, Mbaebie, BO. (2005). Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4(7):685-688 (2005).
Tasneef A, Swatantra B, Singh, SP. (2013). Phytochemical screening and physiochemical parameters of crude drugs. A brief Review: Int. J. Pharma Res. Rev., 2(12):53-60.
Subhashini, R, Mahadeva–Rao US, Sumathi P, and Gunalan, G. (2010). A comparative phytochemical analysis of cocoa and green tea. Ind. J. Sci. Tech., 3(2):188-192.
Nagamani, JE, Vidya Sri D, Syeda Hajira B. (2014). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Bombaxceibapentandra seed extract. World J. Pharm. Pharamaceut. Sci., 3(12):692-706.
Langhout, P. (2000). New additives for broiler chicken. World Poult., 16:22-27.
Adegoke, AA, Iberi, PA, Akinpelu, DA, Aiyegoro, OA, and Mboto, CI. (2010). Studies on phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential of Phyllanthusamarus against multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria. Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod., 3(3):6-12.
Deore, SL, Khadabadi, SS, Kamdi, KS, Ingle, VP, Kawalkar, NG, Sawarkar, PS, Patil, UA, Vyas, AJ. (2009). Anthelminthic activity of Cassia tora. Int. J. ChemTech. Res., 1(2):177-179.
Shahid-Ud-Duaula, AFM, and Basher MA. (2009). Phytochemical screening and plant growth inhibition and antimicrobial activity studies of Xylocarpusgranatum. Malay. J. Pharm. Sci., 7(1):9-21.
Hassan, MM, Oyenwale, AO, Abdullahi, MS, and Okonkwo, EM. (2004). Preliminary phytochemical and antibacterial investigation of crude extract of the bark of Datariummicrocarpum. J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria.
Mohankumar, M, and Lilitha V. (2015). In vitro anthelminthic activity of Hugoniamystax leaves Linn in Indian Adult Earthworm. J. Phram. Phytochem., 3(5):19-21.
Chew, YL, Chan, EWL, Tan, PL, Lim, YY, and Stanslas, J. (2011). Assessment of phytochemical content, polyphenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Leguminosae medicinal plants in Peninsular Malaysia, BMC Complem. Alter. Med., 11:12
Senthilkumar, M, Srividhya, V, and Mahalakshmi, D. (2015). Phytochemical screening of bioactive compounds from Pleurotusostreatus- A wild edible mushroom. World J. Pharm. Res., 1603-1618.
Ghosh, A, Das, BK, Chatterjee, SK, and Chandra, G. (2008). Antibacterial analysis and phytochemical analysis of mature Polyalthialongifolia. South Pacific J. Nat. Sci., 26:68-72.
Odebiyi, A, and Sofowora, AE, (1978). Phytochemical screening of Nigerian medicinal plant. Part III Lloydia, 41:234-246.
Mangalanayaki, R, and Sivaneshwari, B. (2018). Antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Morindatinctoria leaf extracts. Int. J. Biology Res., 3(1):198-201.
Suyogya, Sh, Kamana, Gh, Amit Kumar G, Priyanka, P, Janmajoy, B, Hermanta K, and Mahalaxmi P. (2017). Evaluation of phytochemical parameters, antibacterial and anthelminthic activity of leaves and bark extracts of plant Bombax ceiba. Jou. Appl. Pham. Res., 5(3).
Sumaiya, A, Towhidul I, and Tanvir, H. (2015). Proximate, phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Tageteserecta leaves. World J. Pharm. Res., 4(5):1856-1866.
Jaya Kumar D, Jaya Santhi R. (2012). Antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of hexane extracts of Morindapubcesens leaves in human liver cancer cell line. Asian Pac. J. Tro. Med., 5(5):362.
Goyal, RK, Garud, A, and Garud, N. (2013). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of leaves extract of Morindapubsecens Linn. Jou Drug Deliv. Therapeut., 3(6):84-86.
Vidyadhar, S, Saidulu, M, Gopal, TK, and Chamundeeswari, UR, and Banji D. (2010). In vitro anthelminthic activity of the whole plant of Enicostemmalittorale. Int Jou. Appl. Bio Pharm. Tech., 1(3):1119-11125.
)
