International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research

Original Article

A Study About Some Physiological Indices of Sunflower Growth Under Drought Stress

Mohammad Hadi Hemmati; Ali Soleymani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 553-563

Abstract

  In order  to study the effect of drought stress on some growth indices of oil sunflower cultivars, a study was conducted in Isfahan. The experiment was conducted as split plots ...  Read More In order  to study the effect of drought stress on some growth indices of oil sunflower cultivars, a study was conducted in Isfahan. The experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Isfahan (51° 48' E, 32° 40' N).Main plots were drought stress in four levels (80, 100, 120, and 140 mm evaporation from evaporation pan class A and cultivars were sub plots (Sirena, Record, Euroflore). Total dry weight, leaf area index, net assimilation rate and crop growth rate were measured. Results showed that total dry matter, leaf area index, net assimilation rate and crop growth rate were decreased by drought increasing from 80 to 140mm.  The least evaporation (80mm) had the highest amount of mentioned traits. Among cultivars, Record had higher total dry weight because of having growth period and then higher LAI, stem dry weight, leaf dry weight and capitulum dry weight but it had lower NAR and CGR because of higher LAI and shading of upper leaves, then it is recommended to use Record cultivar.

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Original Article

A Study About Drought Stress Effects on Grain Yield Components of Three Sunflower Cultivars

Mohammad Hadi Hemmati; Ali Soleymani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 564-572

Abstract

  In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on grain yield and its components, a study was carried out (2011) as split plots in randomized complete blocks design in Isfahan ...  Read More In order to investigate the effects of drought stress on grain yield and its components, a study was carried out (2011) as split plots in randomized complete blocks design in Isfahan (32° 40'  N,51° 48' E). Main factor was drought stress in four levels including irrigation after 80, 100, 120, and 140 mm evaporation from evaporation pan (class A) and subplots were three cultivars (Sirena, Record, and Euroflore).Grain number per capitulum, 1000 grains weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil percentage, and oil yield were measured. Results showed that by increasing the stress from 80 to 140 mm, all traits except oil percentage were decreased. The first irrigation treatment (80mm) seems to be the most appropriate treatment for this plant considering the highest grain and oil yields. Record cultivar produced the highest yield under 80 and 100 mm treatments while Sirena and Euroflore had the highest yields under 120 and 140mm treatments, respectively. Therefore, cultivating record will be better under drought stress or dry farming cultivation.

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Original Article

Effect Waste of Palm Trees and Sand and Perlite Mixed with Some Growth Indices Ficus benjamina

Parviz Rahbarian; Ali Salehi Sardoei

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 573-578

Abstract

  An important factor in the growth medium of plants and chemical plants. native substrates can be used to improve plant performance. To evaluate the effect of growth medium on the herb ...  Read More An important factor in the growth medium of plants and chemical plants. native substrates can be used to improve plant performance. To evaluate the effect of growth medium on the herb F. benjamina experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments and four replications were carried out in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Jiroft. F. benjamina  plants from vegetative characteristics showed significant differences with each other. The maximum chlorophyll index and number of branches of palm peat substrates, respectively. The use of native substrates for growth was F. benjamina. Palm peat substrate,  makes for a very low cost  and have a very low ph features such as good water absorption, especially F. benjamina plant is used for all files.

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Original Article

Effects of Various Rates and Concentrations of N-P-K on Growth ‘Rio Grande’ Tomato Seedling

Ozra Hassanshahian; Jamal Javanmardi; Mohammad javad Behroozbeh

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 579-585

Abstract

  Tomato  (L.ycopersicon esculentum  Mill.) cv. Rio Grande  seedlings were nutritionally conditioned with solutions complete fertilizer N(60% NO3+40% NH4)-P-K (20-20-20) ...  Read More Tomato  (L.ycopersicon esculentum  Mill.) cv. Rio Grande  seedlings were nutritionally conditioned with solutions complete fertilizer N(60% NO3+40% NH4)-P-K (20-20-20) , N(30%NO3+70% NH4)-P-K (15-5-30) , the first two week   N(60% NO3+40% NH4)-P-K (20-20-20) and later two week  N(30%NO3+70% NH4)-P-K (15-5-30)  and vice versa were  applied in  completely randomized experiment with three replications to determine the effect of nutritional regimes on tomato transplant growth. As nitrate rate increased from 30% to 60%, fresh shoot weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, shoot and root dry weights, and total chlorophyll increased. in the 750 mg/lit  of N( 60% NO3+40%NH4 )-P-K (20-20-20) were decreased and it is with to increasing in stem diameter and total plant growth , application of N(60%NO3 + 40%NH 4 )-P-K(20-20-20) in the first  two weeks of seedling growth and N(30%NO3+70%NH4)-P-K (15-5-30) in the last two weeks  in the concentration of 200 mg/liter seedling height decreased.

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Original Article

The Effect of N Fertilizer and Plant Density on Green Peppers Yield and Its Components

Mohammad Javad Shakouri; Mohammad hossien Bijeh Keshavarzi; Akram Feiz Abadi; Mahbob Lotfi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 586-590

Abstract

  Pepper is one of the nutrition demanding vegetable. In order to compare N fertilizer uptake and plant numbers per area unit, an experiment was conducted with replications. In which ...  Read More Pepper is one of the nutrition demanding vegetable. In order to compare N fertilizer uptake and plant numbers per area unit, an experiment was conducted with replications. In which fertilizer was the main factor and included Ammonium nitrate in 7 levels (0, 80, 160, 240 kg /ha-1) and 40+40, 80+80, 120+120 kg/ha-1 (in 2 stages i.e. Half of these amounts appliedpre planting and the other half of itside dressed in flowering stage).The second factor (plant density) comprised of 3 levels (25000, 35000 and 50000). The data such as: fruit numbers per plot and per plant, plant’s height yield per plant, fruit weight and prematurity percentage were detemined. According to the results simple and interaction effects of factors on yield and fruit numbers were significant, but N fertilizer had no significant effect on plant’s height. Data means comparison showed that green pepper’s yield was 100% higher than the control when using 240 kg N ha-1. Resultsalso showed that by increasing the plant numbers per area unit, the yield of each plant and fruit numbers in each plant were decreased.

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Original Article

The Effects of Origanum Vulgare on The Growth of Lactobacillus Casei and Lactobacillus Paracasei in Probiotic Milk

Ali Ghorbani Ranjbary; Mostafa Rostampour; Mohammad Javad Sabahi Goraghani; Sara Varzandian; Zahra Ghorbani Ranjbary

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 591-596

Abstract

  The objective of this study ware to investigate the effects of different doses of Origanum vulgare on the growth of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei (separated from Iranian ...  Read More The objective of this study ware to investigate the effects of different doses of Origanum vulgare on the growth of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei (separated from Iranian dairy products) in milk produced at one step. The product was then examined in terms of pH, acidity and microbe counting during incubator setting period. In the milk samples with Lactobacillus casei, the control sample reached acidity level more quickly and in the milk samples with Lactobacillus paracasei, the sample containing %1 Origanum vulgare reached acidity level earlier than other samples. In the milk samples with either Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus paracasei, it was observed that during refrigeration the control sample had the most duration. The bioability of probiotic bacteria was measured by direct counting method. Duration of the product permanence was determined within 21 days. Upon examination of the results, it was revealed that the increased concentration of Origanum vulgare had a positive effect on the growth of the probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei in probiotic milk.

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Original Article

Frequency of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Groups Among Blood Donors in Lahore, Pakistan

Muhammad Umer Khan; Muhammad Waqas Bashir; Raima Rehman; Rizwan Ahmed Kiani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 597-600

Abstract

  The clinical significance of ABO and Rhesus blood group systems has been well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in ...  Read More The clinical significance of ABO and Rhesus blood group systems has been well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groups in blood donors in Lahore, Pakistan, with a view to generate data with multipurpose future practicalities in the field of medicine. Blood groups of 3000 blood donors were determined by commercially available standard monoclonal antisera by tube agglutination technique. Out of 3000 donors, 92.2% were males and 0.8% were females. The most frequent ABO blood group present was B (37.8 %) followed by O (28.8%), A (24.2%) and AB (9.1%) in blood donors; while in Rhesus system 93.0% were Rh+ve  and 7.0% were .Rh-ve . The most important implementation of such studies is in management of blood banks and transfusion services.

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Original Article

Differentiation of Coastal Sedimentary Environments Using GIS and RS Techniques (Case Study: Coasts of Chabahar Gulf)

Mostafa Moradi Dashtpagerdi; Payman Rezaee; Ali Rostamnejad; Diba Ghonchepour

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 601-607

Abstract

  The coastal region of Chabahar Gulf with 1113.7km2 area has been located in the southeast of Iran. In this research, satellite images of ETM+ (2004) were used in order to zoning of ...  Read More The coastal region of Chabahar Gulf with 1113.7km2 area has been located in the southeast of Iran. In this research, satellite images of ETM+ (2004) were used in order to zoning of sedimentary environments in this Gulf. Methodology of this research was baesd on synthesis of supervised and unsupervised classifications in GIS and ENVI softwares. Based on studies and calculation of OIF index, the best selected bands to differentiation of sedimentary environments are 1, 5 and 7 bands of ETM+ that had most information. Zoning maps indicate that in the study area, wide bodies of sedimentary environments consist of profound marine environment (41.13%), Shallow marine environment (7.9%), Sabkha and salt flats (3.07%), Intertidal and lagoon (1.2%), Delta (1.33), Siliciclastic barrier and Aeolian dune (6.45%), Loose Sandy sediments (11.98%), Mud flats (26.93%)

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Original Article

Effect of Different Amounts of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Grain Yield of Forage Corn Cultivars in Isfahan

Leila Hejazi; Ali Soleymani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 608-614

Abstract

  To evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer amounts on grain yield of forage corn in 2012, a pilot was implemented in Islamic Azad University Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan, ...  Read More To evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer amounts on grain yield of forage corn in 2012, a pilot was implemented in Islamic Azad University Agricultural Research Station, Isfahan, as a split plot in a randomized complete block design. Main plots consisted of four levels: control (no fertilization ) , 50 , 100 and 150 kg per ha nitrogen from urea source and subplots , including several varieties of corn ( single cross 704 , single cross 640 and single cross 540 ), respectively. Results indicate that the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and cultivar effects on the number of rows per ear, number of seed per row, number of grains per maize, seed weight and seed yield were significant. With more than 704 varieties of seed number per row and number of seeds per ear, more grain yield was produced. The 540 cultivar was not significantly different. Treated with 150 kg N ha- highest number of seed per rows and number of seeds produced. Treatment of 100 kg per hectare produced the highest seed weight and seed yield and seed weight could generate the maximum highest yield significantly different results, and treatment was 150 kg N ha. Thus, the results indicate that treatment of 100 kg per ha nitrogen to achieve maximum yield was good

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Original Article

Response of Application Gibberellic Acid (GA3) and Benzyladenine (BA) to Dizigotheeca Elegantissima Plants

Ali Salehi Sardoei

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 615-621

Abstract

  Field trials with Dizigotheeca elegantissima were conducted at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Azad University  Jiroft  in growth seasons of 2012 year. The ...  Read More Field trials with Dizigotheeca elegantissima were conducted at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Azad University  Jiroft  in growth seasons of 2012 year. The aim of this work was to study the effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid [GA3] and benzyladenine [BA] at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mgL-1 on the vegetative growth and Photosynthetic pigments of D. elegantissima plants. Most of the vegetative growth characteristices like plant heights, number of leaves/plant, chlorophylle index and Photosynthetic pigments were significantly affected by application of the two factors which were used in this study. All foliar applications of BA and GA3 separately promoted all the afore mentioned characters in this study, as well as Photosynthetic pigments i.e. Chl. [a and b], totol and sum pigments compared with control plants. The highest recorded data were obtained in plants treated with 200 mgL-1 GA3+200 mgL-1 BA for plant height, number of leaves/plant and chlorophylle index, except with 200 mgL-1 GA3+100 mgL-1 BA which gave the highest leaf area

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Original Article

Growth Response of Petunia Hybrid to Zinc Sulphate and Salicylic Acid

Ali Salehi Sardoei; Mojgan Shahdadneghad; Monir Rohany Yazdi; Somayeh Gholamshahi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 622-627

Abstract

  A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatment and five replication, in each replication were 6 plants used. The study of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) ...  Read More A pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatment and five replication, in each replication were 6 plants used. The study of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) application (20 and 40 ppm) and Salicylic acid (SA) application (50 and 150 ppm) was compared to the control (distillated water) on growth and flowering Petunia hybrid. For each plant was used 100 cc of solution at each stage (two stages) with 10 days intervals. Results were analyzed by SAS software and Duncan test. Results showed that by increase in SA and ZnSO4 concentration, the number of days to flowering was also increased. The lowest number of days to flowering was achieved in 20 ppm of SA mean with 119 days after planting which is or non significantly different from control but shows significant difference from 40 ppm of SA and ZnSO4. Among ZnSO4 levels in presence of 150 ppm SA, effect of 20 ppm on reduction of flowering time was lower than that of 40 ppm. The highest leaf area and tiller number was obtained in control treatment (average of 37cm2 and 7, respectively) showing direct association to each other

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Original Article

Influence of Manure Application and Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria on Yield and Yield Components of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa L.)

Fereshteh Ghanepasand; Ghorban Noormohamadi; Mohammad Reza Haj Seyed Hadi; Mohammad Taghi Darzi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 628-635

Abstract

  The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of Nitrogen fixing bacteria and manure application on the seed yield and yield components in black cumin (Nigella sativa ...  Read More The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of Nitrogen fixing bacteria and manure application on the seed yield and yield components in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). The experiment was carried out at the RAN Research Station in Firouzkouh in 2012. A 4×4 factorial experiment, arranged in a randomized complete blocks designed with three replications. The treatments consisted of 4 level of nitrogen fixing bacteria (control, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Azotobacter + Azospirillum) and 4 level of manure (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ton ha-1). The present results have shown that the highest height, 1000 seeds weight, seed number per follicle, follicle yield, seed yield and harvest index were obtained after using Azotobacter and Azospirillum, simultaneously. Manure application only affects on follicle yield and by 5ton manure ha-1 the highest follicle yield obtained. Results of this investigation showed that the maximum seed yield obtained when Aotobacter+Azospirillum inoculated with black cumin seeds and 5 ton manure ha-1 applied. Combined application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and manure can be helpful in developing of production and yield in Cicer arietinum

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Original Article

Optimizing Energy Consumption Efficiency for Greenhouse Cucumber Production Using The Data Envelopment Analysis Technique in Lorestan Province of Iran

Sajjad Firoozi; Mohammad Javad Sheikhdavoodi; Saeedeh Mohammadi Farani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 636-649

Abstract

  This paper applied a non-parametric (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to analyze the efficiency of farmers, discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones and to identify wasteful ...  Read More This paper applied a non-parametric (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to analyze the efficiency of farmers, discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones and to identify wasteful uses of energy in order to optimize the energy inputs for greenhouse cucumber production in Lorestan province of Iran. Data were collected from 27 cucumber producers by using a face-to-face questionnaire.DEA creates a best-practice production frontier based on the growers that produce their level of greenhouse cucumber yield with the least amount of input energy. The results revealed that total operational energy of 521.37 GJ ha-1 is consumed in greenhouses. Most shares of this energy are allocated to fuel and chemicals by the shares of 56.66% and 12.19% respectively. Two basic DEA models, Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) were used to measure the technical efficiency (TE) of the greenhouses based on eight energy inputs and one output. The CRS and VRS models indicated that 10 and 19 greenhouses were efficient, respectively. The average values of TE, pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) of greenhouses were found to be 0.89, 0.99 and 0.89 separately. Moreover, energy-saving target ratio (ESTR%) for greenhouse cucumber production was calculated as 26.85%, indicating that by following the recommendations resulted from this study,140 GJ ha-1 of total input energy could be saved while holding the constant level of greenhouse cucumber yield.

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Original Article

Study of Placental Lactogen Gene Polymorphism and Its Association With Milk Production Traits in The Holstein Cows

Mohammad Mahmoudzadeh; Mohammad Bagher Montazer Torbati; Homayoun Farhangfar; Arash Omidi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 650-658

Abstract

  Placental Lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin hormone. It has both Growth Hormone and Prolactin activities ...  Read More Placental Lactogen is a polypeptide hormone that is produced by the Placenta, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin hormone. It has both Growth Hormone and Prolactin activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. The objective of this study was to investigate the bovine Placental Lactogen (bPL) gene polymorphism of Holstein cows in Razavi Khorasan province. Blood samples were collected from 150 dairy cattle from six herds. DNA extraction was performed by salting out method. A fragment of 449 bp from intron 1 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism to get the patterns of single-stranded DNA separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Six genotypes were revealed with the frequencies of 0.283 (AA), 0.085 (AB), 0.292 (AC), 0.019 (CC), 0.292 (AD) and 0.029 (DD). The allele frequencies for A, B, C and D were 0.6179, 0.0425, 0.1651 and 0.1745, respectively.Chi-square test didn't confirm Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium for this locus. Associations between polymorphisms and the traits studied were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of the SAS 9.1 software. Results showed that the polymorphism of the bPL gene is significantly is associated with fat percent (P=0.012)

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Original Article

The Effects of Artemisia Dracunculus’ Powders Different Levels on Blood Parameters and Internal Organs Weight Broiler Chickens

Z. Hosseinzadeh; P. Farhoomand

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 661-668

Abstract

  This study was designed to investigate the effects of different levels of Tarragon powder on performance, carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 308 male broiler ...  Read More This study was designed to investigate the effects of different levels of Tarragon powder on performance, carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Two hundred Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly allocated into four treatments and five replicates per treatment. At each replicate ten birds were used. Experimental diets were set on the basis of corn-soy-wheat and Ross 308 broiler chickens nutritional requirements tables by the use of UFFDA ration formulation software for each of the (1-21 days) and (22-42 days) period. Treatments were: base diet (Control), base diet + 0.125% of Tarragon powder (group A), base diet + 0.25% of Tarragon powder (group B), base diet + 0.5% of Tarragon powder (group C). The consumption of experimentally different rations (dietaries) had no statistically significant effect on the relative weight of heart, liver, spleen, bursa, cook able carcasses and abdominal fat of different treatments in the whole process of husbandry (P>0.05). Testing rations in terms of Calcium, Phosphorus, Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and HDL plasma didn’t create any significant difference between different treatments statistically ( P>0.05). We concluded that adding Artemisia dracunculus powder 0.25 percentage broilers rations with increased levels of HDL, glucose and reduced levels of plasma LDL increased non- significantly carcass compared with other treatments. And also the level of 0/5 percent Artemisia dracunculus powder has caused non- significant reducing of the weight of liver and carcass cook abdominal fat of broilers chickens

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Original Article

Assessment of Desertification Risk in agricultural land in south of Iran

Mohammad Ali Hakimzadeh

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 669-681

Abstract

  In many countries, studies to determine the severity of desertification and providing land plans to implement desertification. One of the models is modified MEDALUS or Iranian model ...  Read More In many countries, studies to determine the severity of desertification and providing land plans to implement desertification. One of the models is modified MEDALUS or Iranian model (IMDPA), has been used in present research in order to investigate desertification situation in the Tashk region of Fars province. In this research, the modified IMDPA model used with emphasis on the water, soil and agricultural indexes, and indicators for each criterion has been considered in different value. The qualitative values of desertification indexes placed in four classes as, low, moderate sever and very sever. Among evaluated indexes, Irrigation system and drop level of groundwater have the most effects on desertification with numerical values 4 and 3.7 respectively. In the other indexes, crop yield and SAR of water have the lowest effects on regional desertification with numerical value 1 and 1.5 reactively. Analysis of result showed that the intensity of desertification obtained 2.54 on the entire of region based on 3 indexes and in the base of modified IMDPA model, the regional desertification intensity came to get medium.

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Original Article

Sources of Chemical Contaminations and Classification with Emphasis on Drinking Water

Reza Lalehzari; Faride Ansari Samany

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 682-689

Abstract

  Groundwater contamination is a serious problem facing the countries. Because groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from a variety of sources, and, once contaminated, it is very ...  Read More Groundwater contamination is a serious problem facing the countries. Because groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from a variety of sources, and, once contaminated, it is very difficult to restore to its original quality. The main objective of this study was evaluation of groundwater quality in Shahrekord aquifer and finding the source of the groundwater contamination. Some of the chemical parameters such as Cation, Anion, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness (TH) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were measured in four times including spring and autumn of two years. The results show that the chemical contaminant concentration in North-Western part (NWP) of the aquifer was lower than Southern part (SP). Bicarbonate in the Anions and Calcium in the Cations has the maximum value. However they are lower than the standard limits. The TH in the wells varies from 150 [1]to 300 (mg/lit/CaCo3). The water quality is classified in hard water category base on TH. The result shows that there wasn’t considerable difference in TH and TDS values on spring and autumn seasons. The maximum nitrate concentration was almost 37 mg/lit in the northern parts. The result shows that TH and TDS in the southern parts and Nitrate concentration in the northern parts were maximum values concentration. This subject shows that the source of these contaminants is different. The agricultural lands produce Nitrate contamination and the urban wastewater is source of chemical concentration and TDS  

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Original Article

The Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Reducing Sugar of Jerusalem Cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum L.) Plant

Ali Salehi Sardoei; Fatemeh Shahadadi; Mojghan Shahdadneghad; Afshar Fallaah Imani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 690-695

Abstract

  The effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum L.) was evaluated at pot cultivation conditions. This study was performed in factorial test based on ...  Read More The effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum L.) was evaluated at pot cultivation conditions. This study was performed in factorial test based on complete random design plan and 4 repeats with 12 treatments. The main factor was included spraying, drip and spraying + drip. Secondary factor was included concentrations of GA3 at 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg.L-1 levels. Result showed that GA3 concentration and its usage methods had significant effect on (P

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Original Article

Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars Using Drought Tolerance Indices

Massumeh Aliakbari; Hooman Razi; Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 696-705

Abstract

  Drought is the most significant constraint for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to assess drought tolerance in fifteen rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars using ...  Read More Drought is the most significant constraint for crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to assess drought tolerance in fifteen rapeseed (Brassica napus) cultivars using yield-based drought tolerance indices, two experiments were conducted at the research station of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran during 2009-2010 growing season. The cultivars were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications in each experiment. The experiments differed in respect to irrigation regimes. The well-watered and water-limited experiments were irrigated after 40% and 70% depletion of available soil moisture, respectively. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the rapeseed cultivars for yield in normal and stress conditions as well as all the drought tolerance indices. Karun cultivar had the maximum seed yield in both conditions. Yield in non-stress (Yp) and stress (Ys) conditions showed positive and significant correlations with stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and Modified stress tolerance indices  (K1STI and K2STI). Biplot analysis also indicated that STI, MP, GMP, K1STI and K2STI were more reliable indices to identify drought tolerant rapeseed cultivars. The results of biplot and cluster analysis revealed that Karun, NK Aviator and NK Octans were the drought tolerant rapeseed cultivars. Therefore, they may be recommended to cultivate in drought prone regions and also can be used in rapeseed breeding programs aimed at improving drought tolerance

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Original Article

Influence of Vermicompost and Biostimulant on The growth and biomass of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Mahnaz Shirkhodaei; Mohammad Taghi Darzi; Mohammadreza Haj Seyed Hadi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 706-714

Abstract

  The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of vermicompost and biostimulant on the growth and biomass in the coriander plant height, wet weight of plant ,dry weight ...  Read More The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of vermicompost and biostimulant on the growth and biomass in the coriander plant height, wet weight of plant ,dry weight of plant and biomass yield. The experiment was carried out as factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete blocks design with eight treatments and three replications at research field of Agriculture Company of Ran in Firouzkuh of iran in 2012 . The factors were Vermicompost in four levels (0, 3, 6 and 9 ton/ha) and biostimulant, mixture of Azotobacter chroococcumandAzospirillum lipoferum in two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated seeds). The present results have shown that the highest fresh weight of plant ,dry weight of plant and biomass yield were obtained after applying 9 ton/ha vermicompost. Biostimulant also showed significant effects on biomass yield. The maximum biomass yield were obtained by using the biostimulant  (inoculated seeds). The results also showed that the interaction of vermicompost and biostimulant were significant on fresh weight and dry weight of plant

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Original Article

Investigating The Effectiveness of Nutrition on The Sexual and Breeding Behaviors in Ghezel Sheep

Asef Ahmad Fazel; Hossein Daghigh kia; Ali Hosseinkhani; Gholamali Moghaddam; Sadegh Alijani; Ali Olfati

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 715-722

Abstract

  This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of nutritional supplements containing vitamins, minerals, and ammonia on the sexual and breeding behaviors in Ghezel sheep. To this ...  Read More This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of nutritional supplements containing vitamins, minerals, and ammonia on the sexual and breeding behaviors in Ghezel sheep. To this end, 28 three and half-year old ewes (50±3 kilograms) with the record of giving birth to two lambs and 4 three-year old (90±3.5 kilograms) rams were used. The ewes were divided into two groups of A (i.e., treatment) and B (i.e., control) with 14 ewes in each group. The treatment group received 40 grams of the compound 7 days before and 7 days after sexual intercourse. The results demonstrate that the treatment group showed sexual receptivity behavior earlier than the control group. Also, such a behavior in the treatment group was accomplished in a shorter period of time than the control group. Moreover, in the treatment group, the breeding rate was demonstrated to be higher than the control group. Nevertheless, the measurement of estrogen, calcium, and phosphate in three different stages showed no significant differences between the two groups. The receptivity power (i.e., the number of successful jumping permission) and the new-born lambs’ weight were not reported to be significant. The current study demonstrated that livestock supplements (nutrients) improve the livestock’s health and sexual behavior. In addition, such supplements have a positive influence on breeding rate

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Original Article

Effects of Topping and Suckericide on Leaf Quality of Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum)

Shahram Biglar Poor Sadri; Hamid Dehghan Zade

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 723-731

Abstract

  Topping stage of tobacco is a key time for development of agriculture measures to promote the quality of leaves. In order to investigating influence of topping timing and suckericide ...  Read More Topping stage of tobacco is a key time for development of agriculture measures to promote the quality of leaves. In order to investigating influence of topping timing and suckericide content on tobacco leaf, a factorial experiment on the basis of RCB design with 3 replications was conducted in 2011 at the Tobacco Research Farm of Isfahan. Treatments were including topping time (T1: topping at early button and T2: at early flowering), Prim+ content (A1:8, A2:10, A3:12, A4:14 ml/per plant) and Prime+ concentration (C1: 1.35%, C2: 1.5%) are first, second and third factors, respectively. Results showed that, effects of topping timing and Prim+ content were significant for number of suckers, fresh and dry weight of suckers and leaf area of tobacco. Dry weight and leaf length of tobacco were significantly affected by different Prim+ concentrations. Topping at early button resulted in deduction of suckers in tobacco, consequently caused to production of lower sucker weight and higher tobacco leaf area. Moreover, application of higher concentration of Prim+ at early button stage had considerably better effects on sucker growth control and tobacco leaf quality. This result clearly indicated that topping at early growth stage and controlling sucker growth with using suckericide enhanced tobacco leaf quality in the field

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Original Article

Effect of Antioxidant Combinations on Sperm Quality of Cross Breed Rams During Liquid Storage

Fatemeh Soltanpour; Gholamali Moghaddam; Reza Asadpour; Sayyed Abbas Rafat

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 732-740

Abstract

  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of antioxidants (vitamin E, β- mercaptoethanol and their combination) to semen extender.  Progressive motility, ...  Read More The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of antioxidants (vitamin E, β- mercaptoethanol and their combination) to semen extender.  Progressive motility, viability and pH of fresh ram semen were examined. Ejaculate samples were collected with artificial vagina from three Ghezel-Merinose rams (3 years old) during non- breeding reproduction season. Semen was diluted with a Citrate-base extender containing group1,without antioxidants,  group2,vitamin E 5mM,  group3, β- mercaptoethanol (β-ME) 50mM  and group4,  vitamin E(5mM) &M β-mercaptoethanol 50m. Diluted semen was cooled to 5º C and storage at same temperature for 72h. Semen was investigated after 24, 48 and 72h. Result showed that progressive motility and viability in Control group were higher than other treatment groups. The progressive motility in vitamin E supplemented group was significantly higher than other groups supplemented with antioxidant. The addition of vitamin E to the extender increased (P< 0.05) sperm viability compared to other groups supplemented with antioxidants.  Progressive motility and viability were significantly higher than other (P< 0.05) in the vitamin E group. Viability and progressive motility were significantly higher in vitamin E & β-ME groups than in β-ME. In conclusion vitamin E supplementation of citrate –egg yolk extender improved progressive motility and viability fresh sperm during storage at 5º C for 72h.  Sperm storage time had a significant effect on sperm viability and progressive motility.  Based on this study, there were no combinations more efficient at combating semen quality than control group

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Original Article

Effects of Olive Leaf on Blood Metabolites and Humoral Immunity Response of Broiler Chickens

Siamak Parsaei; Zahra Amini; Mohammad Houshmand

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 741-751

Abstract

  This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of olive leaf (OL) on immune response and some blood metabolites of broiler chickens. A total of 400 one-day-old broiler chicks ...  Read More This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of olive leaf (OL) on immune response and some blood metabolites of broiler chickens. A total of 400 one-day-old broiler chicks (male and female) were randomly assigned to 5 experimental treatments with 4 replicates of 20 birds each. Birds of different treatments were given diets containing 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% OL powder from 14 to 42 d of age. At 21 and 42 d of the experiment, blood samples were taken from two birds of each pen (8 birds/treatment) to evaluate different blood metabolites. Moreover, in order to determine immunity status, at the end of the experiment, antibodies titer against SRBC and weight of bursa of Fabricious were determined. The results indicated that significant difference was not observed for total Ig and IgM, while IgY was higher in birds fed with 0.75% OL compared to the control group. The heaviest bursa of Fabricious observed in birds fed with 0.25% OL. Feeding with OL resulted in significant reductions in blood levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, LDL, VLDL, HDL and liver enzymes. In conclusion, the findings show that dietary supplementation with OL had positive effects on blood lipids profile, liver enzymes and immunity of broiler chickens

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Original Article

Changes in Yield and Yield Components of Four Cultivars of Barley Under Different Nitrogen Levels in Isfahan Region

Aysou Entezami; Ali Soleymani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 752-755

Abstract

  : In order to study the effect of different nitrogen levels on yield components and seed yield of three barley cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 in a research farm ...  Read More : In order to study the effect of different nitrogen levels on yield components and seed yield of three barley cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 2011-2012 in a research farm of farming building of Islamic Azad University Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch located in Khatunabad village (latitude 32o /40' N and Longitude 51o /48' E). A split plot layout within randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used. Main plot were different level ofnitrogen fertilizer (0, 75and 150 kg ha-1) from urea source, and sub plot were different cultivars (Reyhan03Nosrat, Valfajr and Yousef). Condition represented the effect of nitrogen was significant on number of spikes m-2, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index.50 kg N ha-1fertilizer treatment, resulted the maximum of all mentioned factors except biological yield. Effect of cultivar was significant on number of spikes m-2 and biological yield. The maximum of all mentioned factors related to Valfajr cultivar.Interaction of nitrogen and cultivar was significant on number of spikes m-2, seed yield andharvest index. On the basis of the results obtained, the fertilizer treatment 50 kg N ha-1 and Valfajr cultivar might be suitable for barley productive under the condition similar to the present study

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Original Article

The Effect of Threonine and Vitamin A on Immune System in Broiler Chickens

Heshmat Sepehri Moghaddam; Mozhdeh Emadi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 756-763

Abstract

  Two independent experiments were conducted with broilers to determine the effect of threonine and vitamin A on immune system. In first experiment, dietary treatments contained 0.8%, ...  Read More Two independent experiments were conducted with broilers to determine the effect of threonine and vitamin A on immune system. In first experiment, dietary treatments contained 0.8%, 0.87%, 0.94 % and 1.01 % total threonine. In second experiment, diets were as follows: basal diet without vitamin A; basal diet plus 1500 IU/Kg vitamin A; basal diet plus 6250 IU/Kg vitamin A; basal diet plus 11000 IU/Kg vitamin A. Fourteen days after feeding the treatments, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity, cell-mediated immune response, was determined as the increase in toe-web skin thickness after an injection with phytohemagglutinin-P and twenty-two days after feeding the diets, heterophils and lymphocytes were enumerated. Humoral immunity was assessed by intravenous injection of 7% sheep red blood cell at 22 days of age. In first experiment, the titers of immunoglobulin for responses were numerically, but not significantly, increased in birds fed diet containing 0.87 % threonine and decreased in 0.94% and 1.01% threonine. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity was not affected in chicks, whereas there was a tendency for an increase in birds fed a diet containing 0.87 % threonine at 24 h after injection. In second experiment, the titers of immunoglobulin for responses were significantly increased in birds fed diet containing vitamin A. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity was also increased by addition vitamin A in the diet. The results obtained on the present study indicated that threonine and Vitamin A requirements of broiler based on recommendation of national research council are not sufficient to meet the requirement of the new commercial poultry

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Original Article

Evaluation of The Effect of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Calotropis Procera in Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamase Producing E. Coli

Fereshteh javadian; Shahla Sahraei; Arezoo Azizi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 764-768

Abstract

  Infectious diseases are responsible for thousands of worldwide early death .Many commercial antibiotics have been used to control human's infectious diseases all over the world. Calotropis ...  Read More Infectious diseases are responsible for thousands of worldwide early death .Many commercial antibiotics have been used to control human's infectious diseases all over the world. Calotropis procera Linn a wild growing plant of Asclepiadaecae family is known to possess multifarious medicinal properties. Total 80 non repetitive clinical E. coli strains recovered during 7 month, and were screened for ESBL production by disc diffusion test, and the MIC and MBC of Calotropis procera chlorophyll extract against ESBL positive E. coli isolates were determined. The results showed a total of 30 of 80 (37.5%) isolates harboured ESBL enzymes. Calotropis procera Calotropis procera extract were effective against ESBL producing E. coli isolates. There is need for a correct and reliable phenotypic test to identify ESBL beta lactamases and also these bioactive plants may help alleviate the problem of drug resistance. The presence of these chemical constituents in this plant is an indication that the plant, if properly screened using additional solvents, could yield drugs with pharmaceutical significance

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Original Article

Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties and Grain Yield of Some Rice Promising Lines From Multiple Crosses

Morteza Oladi; Ghorbanali Nematzadeh; Ammar Gholizadeh Ghara; Ammar Afkhami Ghadi; Marzieh Rezaei

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 769-774

Abstract

  Grain quality currently represents a major problem in high yielding rice production in Iran and many other rice producing areas of the world. Quality assessment of rice involves the ...  Read More Grain quality currently represents a major problem in high yielding rice production in Iran and many other rice producing areas of the world. Quality assessment of rice involves the function of sensory tests and physicochemical determinations based on the chemical composition, cooking quality, gelatinization temperature and physical properties of cooked rice. These research genetic materials were 28 F4 favorable lines derived from the screening 126 F3 lines by multiple crosses with acceptability phenotype and superior yield. Lines, parental and controls varieties to assess the physiochemical properties such as the milling, grain length before cooking, grain length after cocking, elongation after cooking, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency, amylase content and aromatic were used. Cluster analysis has shown that Domsiah, sangtarom and Shastak of local check varieties located as first group, Neda and Ghaem in the second group, Fajr in Third group and Nemat in Fourth group. Lines of GF//GS-03-1, GD//GS-03-1-23, GF//GN-03-1-34, GD//GS-03-2-16, GF//GN-03-2-24, GF//GN-03-2-18 and GF//GS-03-3 due to suitable characterization and high purity (87.5%) are introduced as promising lines. Correlation coefficients of quality trait show that significant and positive correlation for Grain length before cook and grain length after cook (r=0.70) and grain yield (r=0.50), grain length after cook with elongation after cooking (r=0.64), GT with grain yield (r=0.35)

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Review Article

Vermicompost and Verminculture: Structure, Benefits and Usage

Amir Hossein Asgari Safdar; Nasroallah Moradi Kor

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 775-782

Abstract

  Vermiculture is the culture of earthworms. The goal is to continually increase the number of worms in order to obtain a sustainable harvest. The worms are either used to expand a vermicomposting ...  Read More Vermiculture is the culture of earthworms. The goal is to continually increase the number of worms in order to obtain a sustainable harvest. The worms are either used to expand a vermicomposting operation or sold to customers who use them for the same or other purposes. Vermicomposting is the process by which worms are used to convert organic materials (usually wastes) into a humus-like material known as vermicompost. The goal is to process the material as quickly and efficiently as possible

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Original Article

Seroepidemiological Survey of Important Parasitic Infections of Wild Carnivores

Mostafa Razmjoo; Ali Mohammad Bahrami; Mohammad Shamsollahi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 783-792

Abstract

  In this study prevalence of parasites in 118 samples (62 foxes and 56 jackals) was investigated in Ilam province of Iran, in 2010-2013, situated in the western part of the national ...  Read More In this study prevalence of parasites in 118 samples (62 foxes and 56 jackals) was investigated in Ilam province of Iran, in 2010-2013, situated in the western part of the national capital of Iran. The nematodes which were cleared in lactophenol, cestodes and acanthocephalans were stained using acetocarmine and haematoxylen, respectively for identification of the parasite species. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected by means of the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Also, 2– 4g of fecal material was suspended in 33% zinc sulfate (SG 1.18) for detection the parasite eggs, cysts, or oocysts present in samples. Evaluation of samples indicated that 100% foxes and 100% jackal were infected with at least one of the following parasites: T. canis., A. caninum., U. stenocephala., M. lineatus., D. caninum., M. hirudinaceus., D. immitis., T.hydatigena., E. granulosus., Cryptosporidium., Giardia., Isospora., Cyclospora., Ctenocephalides canis., Rhipicephalus spp., Haemaphysalis spp. or Ixodes ricinus. The most frequently detected helminthes was D. caninum (33.92%) followed by M. lineatus (30.35%) in jackals and M. lineatus (29.03%) and T. canis (27.41%) in foxes. Giardia spp and Isospora spp were the most prevalent protozoa parasite of jackals (7.14 and 7.14%) and foxes (11.29 and 9.67 %), respectively. The most frequently observed ectoparasites were Ctenocephalides canis (10.81%) in jackals and Rhipicephalus spp (12.9%) in foxes. The results of the present investigation have implications for the ongoing control of parasite infections in carnivores in Ilam province, located in Iran and Iraq border line

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Original Article

Neurotransmitter Effect of Galanin on the Mean Plasma Concentrations of Growth Hormone, Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Milk Protein in Dairy Goats Sannan

Mohammad Shamsollahi; Fariba Asadi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 793-801

Abstract

  This study investigated the effects of five levels of galanin on plasma concentrations of growth hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and milk protein in dairy goat breed was sannan. ...  Read More This study investigated the effects of five levels of galanin on plasma concentrations of growth hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and milk protein in dairy goat breed was sannan. 15 breeds of dairy goats sannan all about the same age and weight were selected for this study and were randomly divided into five treatments (three replicates per treatment). Levels of the hormone injection of galanin in the experiment (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 0.16) (µg/ml galanin hormone per kilogram of body weight), respectively. Finally, experimental growth hormone was increased hormone galanin (P < 0/05). But a depressing effect on plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine were not found to be statistically significant (P > 0/05). This hormone also reduced the percentage of protein, which was not statistically significant (P > 0/05)

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Original Article

The Effect of Oral Consumption of Guggul (Commiphora Mukul) Resin on Performance and Humoral Immunity Response of Broilers

Fariba Iranparast; Siamak Parsaei; Mohammad Houshmand; Asghar Naghiha

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 802-810

Abstract

  This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the oral consumption of guggulplant resin on the performance and humoral immunity response of broiler chicks. For doing this ...  Read More This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the oral consumption of guggulplant resin on the performance and humoral immunity response of broiler chicks. For doing this experiment, 320 one-day old chicks of the Cobb 500 strains, in a Completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates were used. Experimental diets include: control diet (without the guggul), control diet + 200 ppm guggul, control diet + 400 ppm guggul, control diets + 600 ppm guggul. Live body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were recorded at 21 and 42 d of experiment. To determine antibody titers against sheep red blood cell (SRBC) 1 ml of 3% suspension of sheep erythrocyte in phosphate buffer saline was injected into the wing veins at 29 and 35-day chicks. Treatments had significant effects on daily gain, feed conversion and feed intake during growth period (22-42 d). Treatments had significant effects on total antibody titers and IgY (p <0.05), but the effect of the treatments on the production of IgM was not significant. 6.The effect of the treatments on the bursa of Fabricius relative weight mean, was significant, but there was no significant effect on the spleen

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Review Article

DNA Intercalators and Using Them as Anticancer Drugs

Masoud Karimi Goftar; Nasrollah Moradi Kor; Zahra Moradi Kor

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 811-822

Abstract

  Many anticancer drugs in clinical use interact with DNA through intercalation, which is process that starts with the transfer of the intercalating molecule from an aqueous environment ...  Read More Many anticancer drugs in clinical use interact with DNA through intercalation, which is process that starts with the transfer of the intercalating molecule from an aqueous environment to the hydrophobic space between two adjacent DNA base pairs. In general, intercalatig agents are two types: monofunctional and bifunctional. Monofunctional intercalators contain one intercalating unit and Bifunctional intercalators (bis-intercalators) contain two intercalating units, normally cationic, separated by a spacer chain that must be long   enough to allow double intercalation taking into account the neighbour exclusion principle.

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Review Article

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) as a Valuable Medicinal Plant

Jalal Bayati Zadeh; Nasroallah Moradi Kor; Zahra Moradi Kor

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 823-829

Abstract

  Chamomile is a widely recognized herb in Western culture. Its medicinal usage dates back to antiquity where such notables as Hippocrates, Galen, and Asclepius made written reference ...  Read More Chamomile is a widely recognized herb in Western culture. Its medicinal usage dates back to antiquity where such notables as Hippocrates, Galen, and Asclepius made written reference to it. As part of any medication history, pediatricians always should ask a child’s caregiver about the child’s use of over-the-counter remedies and herbal products. Chamomile is used widely to treat children who have GI disorders such as colic, dyspepsia, and diarrhea and to treat skin conditions such as dermatitis. Clinical studies have demonstrated that chamomile may have a positive effect in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, colic, and diarrhea. There are few adverse effects in children. However, children who are allergic to ragweed, asters, and chrysanthemums should use chamomile with caution.

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Original Article

Evaluation of Leaf Proteome in Wheat Genotypes Under Drought Stress

K. Moradpour; A. Najaphy; A. Mostafaie; M. Bakhtiari; S. Kiani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 831-839

Abstract

  Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. Proteomics in recent years one of the most powerful tools that help us to study the ...  Read More Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. Proteomics in recent years one of the most powerful tools that help us to study the changes in protein In order to investigate the proteome of wheat leaves in response to terminal drought, two genotypes susceptible and resistant wheat genotypes were evaluated under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fed (stress) conditions. After applying stress and extraction of leaf proteins, two-dimensional gels were prepared and scanned. Analysis of gel images was performed using Same Spot Progenesis. About 657 protein spots were identified by the software. After alignment of the spots and their correspondence, 148 spot were identified visually and by using the software and statistical analysis was carried out. Five spots with Fold ≥ 1/5 at P ≤ 0/05 were identified, of which 4 spots were significant at P ≤ 0/05 and 1 spot was significant at P ≤ 0/01.

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Original Article

Evaluation of Leaf Protein Pattern in Wheat Genotypes Under Drought Stress

K. Moradpour; A. Najaphy; S. Mansoorifar; A. Mostafaie

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 840-846

Abstract

  Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop yields around the world. Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. ...  Read More Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop yields around the world. Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. This research was carried out using bread wheat genotypes. For evaluation of leaf protein pattern in wheat, 10 genotypes were assayed with 3 replications under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fed (stress) conditions. At grain filling stage, 10 random plants were selected and flag leaf samples were harvested. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis was used to evaluate protein pattern after applying water stress. Thirty five protein bands appeared. Most of the bands were similar in the entries and specific bands were rare. Under drought stress, high molecular weight proteins were intensified, while low molecular weight proteins were faint. Cluster analysis under non-stress conditions classified the genotypes into tree clusters but under stress conditions the entries were classified into four clusters.

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Original Article

Effect of Lemon Juice on the Egg Shell Quality of Layers Subjected to Heat Stress

Hadi Tavakkoli; Seyede Saeedeh Masallanejad; Sajedeh Salandari

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 847-853

Abstract

  Heat stress is an effective factor on immune responses, body weight, egg production and egg quality of chickens. The major effect of heat stress is due to decreased food intake and ...  Read More Heat stress is an effective factor on immune responses, body weight, egg production and egg quality of chickens. The major effect of heat stress is due to decreased food intake and alteration in acid-base balance. During the recent years, efforts to improve laying performance at high temperatures have been relatively successful. Supplementation of the diet or drinking water with special nutrient has been proposed as a means to reduce the effects of heat on the layer hens. There is scantly information about the effects of natural compounds on the heat-stressed hens. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of lemon juice on egg shell quality in layers subjected to hot climate. 50-week-old commercial layer chickens were divided into 2 equal treatment groups of 2400 birds each. Each treatment has three replicates. The experimental groups were fed as follows: in the control and test groups (groups A and B), birds were fed a standard diet. In the test group (group B), 5 ml/L of lemon juice was added to the drinking water for 30 days. At the end of each week, eggs with broken and fragile shellwere recorded. Our results showed that the addition of lemon juice in drinking water was significantly reduced eggs with broken and fragile shells during heat stress (P<0.05). Based on findings, it is concluded that lemon juice can be considered as a natural supplement to alleviate heat stress in laying hens under hot climate.

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Original Article

Synoptic Analysis of Dust Systems in Yazd Province

A.R. Dehghanpour; A.H. Halabian; M. Fallahpour

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 854-865

Abstract

  Dust is a common atmospheric phenomenon in Iran especially in central arid regions.  This severely affects environment as well as resident’s health. Among the results of ...  Read More Dust is a common atmospheric phenomenon in Iran especially in central arid regions.  This severely affects environment as well as resident’s health. Among the results of this phenomenon are Respiratory diseases, bash radiation, accelerated soil erosion, Desertification and degradation of ecosystems. Some dusts are originated from local desert conditions but adjacency to neighboring countries deserts as Saudi Arabia has intensified this. Yazd province due to its climate and geographical condition is always faced with dust in spring and summer times which leaves hazardous damages to the area. So, to understand the formation and origin of dust would help in reducing the damages. In this paper metrological station data was used. Days coded 07 were extracted and eventually day 3 was used as a sample, Synoptic maps of SLP, 850 hPa, soil moisture and temperature maps, humidity, and wind direction and speed at different levels of the atmosphere, temperature and dust vorticity for the day before and the day after it was drawn. Results have shown that due to the expansion of low pressure heated air tongue of lower latitudes, entered the Iran from east and caused increased temperature. Due to the low pressure gradient on the region in three days, the wind speed at ground level is very low. However, align the tongues on the 850 hPa due to the expansion of low-lying northern Europe centers on the area; the speed amount of vertical motion and horizontal motions in the level is remarkable . Atmospheric moisture maps indicate the general trend of decreasing moisture in the atmosphere in the three days. of soil moisture and temperature maps Survey at 10 cm showed that the temperature in the first three days have risen sharply and soil moisture has started to decline in relation to it.

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Case Report

Evaluate the Effects on Tourism for Sustainable Development Urban a Case Study (Kermanshah City)

Taraneh Saniee; Farzaneh Zahedidarkhaneh; Roya Ansari; Samira Aligholi

Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2014, Pages 886-871

Abstract

  Iran including attractive places and high potential for tourism (external and internal) and investing on tourism industry including social and economic effects leading to constancy ...  Read More Iran including attractive places and high potential for tourism (external and internal) and investing on tourism industry including social and economic effects leading to constancy of tourism areas. Unfortunately, despite high capacity of developing tourism in our country, this capacity has not recognized well and has not utilized for development of Iran. The special factors influence on transition of urban tourism. Cities including many attractive places and tourism installation often attract a lot of tourists in the first phase. It is necessary to provide the proper situation for development of urban tourism, recognizing attractive places and sources, then evaluation and decision on their preferences. Many attractive places and locations of Kermanshah play an important role in developing Kermanshah. This city including natural, cultural and historical places which is one of the important places of tourism. In spite of surveying the data and collected inshapeation of different sources and field survey, the findings were classified with using of a kind of tools named swot. By using of matrixes (efe (external factor evaluation, internal factor evaluation ife ) every data was dedicated scale between zero (unimportant) and one ( much important),then the total concession is calculated. At the end, Because of threats and weakness points, the appropriate strategy was codified for tourism development. By the final score of both matrixes which is lower than the medium, the result is that Kermanshah has cultural and tourism attractive places but the industry is not in good and proper condition. So the assumption of strategies (wo), (wt ), ( so), (st),especially realization of concrete management of tourism is a good way for achieving appropriate results.

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