International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research

Short communication

TCF7L2 Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes, Insight from HRM and ARMS Techniques

hamideh khajeh; Abbas Bahari; Ahmad Rashki

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, Pages 204-214

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525681.1351

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is a biological problem of life in a new way in human societies, especially in developing countries. Environmental and genetic factors are mutually influential ... Read More

Original Article

Psidium Guajava Leaves Ameliorates Mercuric Chloride Induced Neurodegeneration in the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Male Wistar Rats

Joy Ochai; Samuel Sunday Adebisi; Augustine Oseloka Ibegbu

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, Pages 214-227

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.523093.1348

Abstract

Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been suggested to be via its antioxidant composition; however, its role in mercury-induced neurotoxicity ... Read More

Review Article

Antioxidant Properties of Ferulic Acid on cardiovascular diseases

Farzaneh Fazeli

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, Pages 228-240

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525197.1350

Abstract

Background: As a dietary phytochemical, Ferulic acid (FA) is caused by metabolism between phenylalanine and tyrosine with physiological functions like anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, ... Read More

Original Article

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Rhazya Stricta (Apocynaceae) Extract Prepared with Different Solvents on Staphylococcus Aureus (Staphylococcaceae) Isolated from Humans

Maryam Beigomi; Laleh Shahraki-Mojahed; Batool Heydari-Sadegh; Narjes Dahmardeh; Reza Rouhani; Fereshteh Javadian

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, Pages 241-253

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.528883.1357

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the first major concern in the 1960s, has reappeared worldwide over the past 20 years. Because these bacteria are not resistant to ... Read More Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the first major concern in the 1960s, has reappeared worldwide over the past 20 years. Because these bacteria are not resistant to various conventional therapies, the medicinal and herbal plants used in different countries should be evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These valuable biological resources are a repository of complex active molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans.Methods: Rhazya stricta was collected and their species were identified in the botanical laboratory of University of Zabol. To prepare plant extract, 40 g of dried leaves were used in 400 cc of solvent (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic). The various strains of Staphylococcus aureus used in this study were isolated from the human nose and identified by biochemical, bacteriological and growth tests as well as standard tests. Antimicrobial effects were investigated by well diffusion method in Müller Hinton agar medium. Statistix ver10 software was used for statistical calculations. Mean comparison was performed using the LSD at the level of one percent and Excel software was also used to draw the shapes.Results: Rhazya stricta extracts had different inhibitory zone diameters against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 ppm dilution (p <0.01). R. stricta ethanolic extract had the greatest effect (average 8.3 mm) on inhibiting the growth of 6 strains of S. aureus. Then aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts with an average of 7 mm were in the next ranks. The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest effect on the inhibition of S. aureus. The lowest MIC of R. stricta ethanolic extract against S. aureus samples was 3.1 ppm, which was inhibited by four strains. The lowest MBC was 6.2 ppm.Conclusion: Considering the side effects of chemical drugs and antibiotics as well as the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Rhazya stricta on Staphylococcus aureus, it is recommended to use ethanol solvent to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of R. stricta.

Original Article

Investigation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oils of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) harvested in the Haut-Katanga (DR Congo)

Mbayo Kitambala Marsi; Kalonda M Emery; Muhune K Simon; Numbi Wa Ilunga Evodie; Muyumba Nonga Welcome; Lukusa Kabeya Tresor; Misenga T Antoinette; Derek Ndinteh Tantoh; Mbayo Mukala Joseph; Maloba Mwinesenge James; Mulamba Muidikija Jean; Topwe Milongwe Mwene-Mbeja; Lumbu Simbi Jean-Baptiste

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, Pages 254-269

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525721.1353

Abstract

Background: Essential oils are volatile compounds characterized by a strong odor, and are generally biosynthesized by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. This paper aims to extract ... Read More Background: Essential oils are volatile compounds characterized by a strong odor, and are generally biosynthesized by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. This paper aims to extract the essential oils of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara, and to evaluate their antibacterial, and antifungal activities.Methods: The aerial parts of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara were subjected to hydrodistillation to produce the essential oil. The antimicrobial potential was characterized against six microorganisms, signifying three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and one fungus(Candida albicans) by the disc diffusion method to determine the inhibition zone (in mm) and dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).Results: Essential oil extraction was carried out with an average yield of 0.21% for Lippia javanica, and 0.11% for Lantana camara. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity showed that Lippia javanica essential oil had a moderate inhibitory activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC: 0.76 mg/mL), on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.50 mg/mL). The Lantana camara essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against all strains tested. By diffusion disk method, it was found that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most sensitive on Lippia javanica essential oil with an inhibition diameter, which evolved from 7 mm to 24 mm; followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21 mm), Escherichia coli (19 mm) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 mm) at 15 μL. By means of dilution method, the Lantana camara essential oil showed a low activity against Escherichia coli (MIC: 1.64 mg/mL), Klebsiella pneumonia (MIC: 1.64 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL), and Candida albicans (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL) but by disc diffusion method, this oil was slightly inhibitory activity on Escherichia coli (10 mm at 15 μL). For the antifungal activity, the Lantana camara essential oil, and Germicide were inactive on Candida albicans when tested by the disk method.Conclusion: The essential oil of Lippia javanica showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities, while the essential oil of Lantana camara showed low activity. The activities of essential oils studied were less than that of the gentamicin and more than the activity of Germicide, with two positive controls used.

Original Article

Phyto-Mediated silver nanoparticles via melissa officinalis aqueous and methanolic extracts: Synthesis, characterization and biological properties against infectious bacterial strains

Fatemeh Dehghan Nayeri; Sudabeh Mafakheri; Maryam Mirhosseini; R. Z. Sayyed

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, Pages 270-285

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.525079.1349

Abstract

Background: The present study was aimed to examine the influence of extraction method on the morphology, physico-chemical characteristics and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles ... Read More

Original Article

Candida Berkh. (1923) Species and Their Important Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases (SAP) Genes Isolated from Diabetic Patients

Thamer A Muhsen; Mohsen Hashim Risan; Nawras N Alqaysi

Volume 9, Issue 3 , September 2021, Pages 286-297

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.534165.1361

Abstract

Background: Candida Berkh. (1923) occurs naturally in the body. But it becomes opportunistic fungi, meaning that it infects humans when there is any weakening of the immune system, ... Read More Background: Candida Berkh. (1923) occurs naturally in the body. But it becomes opportunistic fungi, meaning that it infects humans when there is any weakening of the immune system, such as exposure to chemotherapy, diabetes, or organ transplantation. Most species of Candida grow at a temperature between 20-40 °C and have a pH of 3-8. Human pathogens of Candida species include C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. utili. C. albicans has many virulence factors that facilitate injury process. Virulence factors are considered as a measure of pathogenicity, and it is in the form of fungal toxins, enzymes, or cell structures that facilitate infection, as well as pathogen resistance in different conditions. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of some secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP) genes from some Candida species isolated from diabetic patientsMethods: Candida spp. were identified on CHROMagar medium by color of each species after incubation at 37 °C for 48 hours such as: C. krusei, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis. Germ tube formation test was used to distinguish between germ tube-forming species, such as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis , from those that do not produce germ tube. A portion of the isolation was taken and placed in a test tube containing 0.5 ml of serum, and then incubated at 37 °C for 2-4 hours. A drop of serum was taken out and examined under a microscope for the presence of the germ tube. Growth at 45 °C, has the advantage of distinguishing between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by culturing Candida spp. on SDA medium and, incubation for 48-72 hours at 45 °C.Results: The results of isolation and diagnosis showed that Candida species grew at 37 °C for 48 hours on SDA medium, the shape of the colonies was round or oval-convex, and creamy white, shiny and smooth color. The results of the microscopic examination of the cells were spherical or oval, C. albicans was distinguished by its ability to grow at 45 °C and its ability to form the germ tube. The surface growth test showed the ability of C. tropicalis to grow surface on SDB medium. The medium of CHROMagar showed that C. albicans were light green in color. C. glabrata showed a pale pink color, while C. tropecalis showed a blue color and C. dublineiensis was dark green. DNA extracted samples, including 20 isolates, were used for four species of Candida, 1-9 C. albicans, 10-16 C. glabrata, 17-18 C. dubliniensis and 19-20 C. tropicalis. Parts of the body (mouth, vagina, Urine) detect SAP1 and SAP7 genes by PCR, and after electrophoresis of the PCR product, the results were positive for all Candida species studied as all isolates that contained SAP1 (578bp) and SAP7 (466bp).Conclusion: The SAP genes are among the main virulence factors for the occurrence of candidiasis. SAP1 and SAP7 genes are responsible for digesting and breaking down protein to penetrate the host's tissues.

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Volume & Issue: Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2021, Pages 204-300

TCF7L2 Polymorphisms in Type 2 Diabetes, Insight from HRM and ARMS Techniques

Abstract

Psidium Guajava Leaves Ameliorates Mercuric Chloride Induced Neurodegeneration in the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Antioxidant Properties of Ferulic Acid on cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Rhazya Stricta (Apocynaceae) Extract Prepared with Different Solvents on Staphylococcus Aureus (Staphylococcaceae) Isolated from Humans

Abstract

Investigation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oils of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) harvested in the Haut-Katanga (DR Congo)

Abstract

Phyto-Mediated silver nanoparticles via melissa officinalis aqueous and methanolic extracts: Synthesis, characterization and biological properties against infectious bacterial strains

Abstract

Candida Berkh. (1923) Species and Their Important Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases (SAP) Genes Isolated from Diabetic Patients

Abstract