International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Cassava Starch from Different Varieties as Affected by Gamma Irradiation

Isaac Kwabena Asare; Bernard Darfour

Volume 12, Issue 1 , January 2024, , Pages 11-27

https://doi.org/10.48309/ijabbr.2024.2013764.1465

Abstract

Introduction: The most commonly consumed essential edible crop in many tropical countries in Africa, South America, and Asia is Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). There are limitations ... Read More Introduction: The most commonly consumed essential edible crop in many tropical countries in Africa, South America, and Asia is Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). There are limitations on the utilization of cassava roots by processors, and they are also highly perishable and bulky. Raw cassava starches are excessively weak in terms of their structure and functionality, hence, limiting the diversity of industrial applications. The objective was to estimate the outcome of gamma irradiation as an amending agent on raw cassava starch from three cassava types (Ankra, Bosome nsia and TME419).Materials and methods: Ankra, Bosome nsia and TME419 were the cassava varieties used for the study. The cassava starch was extracted, and then modified using cobalt-60 source. The administered doses were 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy at a dose rate of 2.087 kGy/hr, and using zero as the control. The physicochemical and functional properties of the raw and modified cassava starches were evaluated using standard procedures.Results: Gamma irradiation significantly reduced the amylose and carbohydrate contents as well as the colour of cassava starch. Amylose content of Ankra, Bosome nsia and TME 419 were 14.45, 16.39 and 18.21%, respectively. Also, the irradiation reduced the amylose content from 20.21% (control) to 17.47, 15.98, 14.99 and 13.27% at 5-20 kGy, respectively. The carbohydrate content of 44.44, 44.09 and 27.28% were recorded for Ankra, Bosome nsia and TME 419, respectively. Further, the irradiation decreased the carbohydrate content from 48.08% (control) to 45.63, 36.81, 34.94 and 27.54% at 5-20 kGy, respectively. The irradiation doses did not significantly affect the emulsion capacity and stability, and bulk density. The swelling power decreased as the radiation dose increased while solubility index, water and fat absorption capacities and least gelation significantly increased with the radiation dose.Conclusion: Therefore, gamma irradiation could be exploited to alter cassava starch for industrial applications likewise a chemical modification.

An Investigation on Prevalence of Side Effects of a ‎New Pentavalent Vaccine in Two-to Six-Month-Old ‎Children Referred to Health Centers in Ilam City ‎

Jasem Mohammadi; Mina Mamizadeh; Saeid Lotfalivan

Volume 10, Issue 3 , July 2022, , Pages 237-244

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2022.557134.1408

Abstract

Background and Objective: Vaccines are medical devices used for boosting the health of people, especially children. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of the side ... Read More Background and Objective: Vaccines are medical devices used for boosting the health of people, especially children. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of the side effects of a new pentavalent vaccine in 2- to 6-month-old children in Ilam.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 2-6-month-old children for inoculating the pentavalent vaccine. A questionnaire containing queries on the age of child, parents’ education, contact number, injection date, gestational age, the underlying diseases, failure to thrive (FTT), and side effects (diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, redness, fever, intense crying, restlessness, drowsiness, stiffness, etc.).Results: Of the children, 35.9% were two months old, 31.8% were four months old, and 32.3% were six months old. Boys and girls constituted 53% and 47% of children, respectively. Regarding mothers’ education, 54.5% had lower than diploma degrees, and 6.1% had academic education. Regarding fathers’ education, 13.2% had lower than diploma, and 12% had academic degrees. Most of the children (94.4%) had no underlying diseases, and 5.6% of them suffered from the underlying diseases including reflux (1.6%), anemia (2.3%), favism (0.9%), fever and convulsion (0.7%), and hypothyroidism (0.2%). The most common complications were fever (68.1%), skin redness (56.1%), pain (43.8%), and restlessness (24.7%). Fever (69.2% vs. 66.8%, P>0.05), skin redness (65.2% vs. 45.8%, P<0.05), vomiting (10.5% vs. 3.3%, P<0.05), and stiffness (6.6% vs. 3.3%, P>0.05) were more common in boys than girls, respectively. On the other hand, restlessness (35.8% vs. 14.8%, P<0.05) was significantly higher in girls than in boys.Conclusion: According to our results, fever, skin redness, and pain were the most common complications. Fever was more common in 2-month-old boys, and pain was more observed in 6-month-old girls. Most of the side effects were transient and disappeared upon a week. No remarkable contraindications were reported, confirming the safety of the vaccine.

Pharmacognostic Features, Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and in Vitro Antioxidant Studies of Indigenous Plant of Lahore

Maida Minahil Mushtaq; Sohaib Peerzada; Saiqa Ishtiaq

Volume 9, Issue 2 , June 2021, , Pages 190-201

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijabbr.2021.523871.1344

Abstract

Introduction: Periploca aphylla is belongs to family Asclepiadaceae and it is an important traditional plant which has been utilized for decades for its local uses. Methods: This research ... Read More

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Main Subjects = Analytical Chemistry

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Cassava Starch from Different Varieties as Affected by Gamma Irradiation

Abstract

An Investigation on Prevalence of Side Effects of a ‎New Pentavalent Vaccine in Two-to Six-Month-Old ‎Children Referred to Health Centers in Ilam City ‎

Abstract

Pharmacognostic Features, Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and in Vitro Antioxidant Studies of Indigenous Plant of Lahore

Abstract