Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad Universityi, Ardabil, Iran

2 Department of Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

3 Ph.D. Student of psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

4 Department of Psychology, Ardabil branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran

10.26655/ijabbr.2016.6.15

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the sustained attention and cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder type II. Methods: The research method was causal-comparative (case-control) type. Statistical population was all the patients with bipolar disorder type II and schizophrenia at Isar and Fatemi hospitals in 2015 in Ardabil, Iran. 50 patients (25 cases per group) were selected by available sampling. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Attention Test (D2) were used for collecting data. Data analysis was performed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that the performance of schizophrenic patients in both attention and cognitive deficits tests was lower than bipolar patients. These findings can be effective in improving cognitive deficits and attention performance as well as cause significant changes in communitybasedrehabilitation ways.

Keywords

Bavili, M., Rezaei, A., Dolatshahi, B. (2008). Compare the cognitive deficits in patients with bipolar disorder type I and schizophrenic patients, Journal of Contemporary Psychology, Vol. 4, No. 2. pp. 37-44.
Davoodi, A., Neshatdoost, H., Sharifi, H.P. (2010). Compare the executive functions in patients with schizophrenia, major depression without psychosis, Medical Journal of Arak, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 10 -19.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5 (2013). Translated by Yahya Seyyed Mohammadi. (2014). Fifth edition, Tehran, Ravan Publication.
Sadok, B., Kaplan, H. (2011). Summary of Psychiatry, Volume II. Translated by Rezaee, Farzin and Arjmand. Tehran, Arjmand Publications.
Sadeghi, M. (2003). The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and capabilities tolerance in patients with schizophrenia. New in Cognitive Science Journal. Pp. 66-71.
Firoozabadi, A., Haghshenas, H., Mazhari, Sh. (2006). Verbal memory, visual flow in patients with schizophrenia and first-degree relatives. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 12: pp.359-364.
Addington, J., & Addington, D. (2007). Visual attention and symptoms in schizophrenia: a1 -year follow-up. Schizophrenia Research,; 34, 95-99.
Akiskal, SH. (2009). Mood disorders. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. (editors). Kaplan and Sadock’s comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins:1629 -45.
Buchanan, R. W., Strauss, M. E., Brier, A. (2010). Kirkapatrick B and Carpenter WT. Attentional impairment in deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry; 154, 363 -370.
Cohen, J.D., & Servan-Schreiber, D. (2007). Content, cortex, and dopamine: a connectionist approach to behavior and biology in schizophrenia. Psychological Review, 1992, 99, 45 -77.
Cornblatt, B. A., Lenzenweger, M. F., Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (2004). The continuous performance test, identical pair version II. Contrasting attentional profiles in schizophrenic and depressed patients. Psychiatry Research. 29(1):65-86.
Dickerson, F.B., Basso, M.R., Lowery, N., Neel, J., & Bornstein, R. A. (2001). Outpatients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder: Do the differ in their cognitive and social functioning. Psychiatry Research, 102,21-27.
Fallgatter, A.J., Strik, W.K. (1998). Frontal brain activation during the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test assessed with twochannel near-infrared spectroscopy. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 248(5):245-9.
Gruber, S.A., Rosso, I.M., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2011). Neuropsychological performance predicts clinical recovery in bipolar patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 105(1 -3), 253-260.
Kurtz, M.M., & Gerraty, R.T. (2012). A meta-analytic investigation of neurocognitive deficits in bipolar illness: Profile and effects of clinical state. Neuropsychology, 23(5), 551 -562.
Lang, C.A., Sue, C., Garrett, L., ttistutta, A., Graham, E.W., & Macdonald, A. (2006). Symptom Prevalence and Clustering of Symptoms in People Living with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection. Journal of Pain and
Symptom Managemen, 31, 335-344.
Lee, J. (2008). A new look at working memory deficits in schizophrenia. PhD Thesis. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University.
Lezak, M, D. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment. Oxford University Press, 54(4): 437 -43.
Rosenhan, L, Seligman R. Seyed Mohamadi Y. (2007). Abnormal Psycho pathology. Tehran: Savalan, Arasbaran.
Rybakowski, J. K., Permoda-Osip, A., & Borkowska, A. (2010). Response to prophylactic lithium in bipolar disorder may be associated with a preservation of executive cognitive functions. European psychopharmacology, 19(11), 791-795.
Sim, K., Chua, T.H., Chan, Y.H., Mahendran, R., Chong, S.A. (2006). Psychiatric comorbidity in first episode schizophrenia: a 2 year, longitudinal outcome study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40 (7): 656 –63.
Vojta, C., Kinosian, B., Glick, H., Altshuler, L., Bauer, M. (2001). Self-reported quality of life across mood states in bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2001; 42: 190-5.
Zhang, H., Wisniewski, S. R., Bauer, M. S. (2000). Comparison of perceived quality of life across clinical states in bipolar disorder: Data from first Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program For bipolar Disorder participants. Compr Psychiatry, 47: 161-8.