International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Indexing and Abstracting

Publication Ethics

Publication Cycle-Process Flowchart

Article Processing Charges

Publisher Business Model

Journal’s Policies for Plagiarism, Fess and Publication

Open Access Policy

Self-Archiving Policy

Authors Benefits

Journal Metrics

Related Links

FAQ

News

Editors

Editorial Policies

Guidelines for Guest Editors

Reviewers

Peer Review Process

Peer Review Policy

Nano-biochar Production and its Characteristics: Overview

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, India

Abstract

Nano-biochar is produced by the process of ball milling and pyrolysis has more significant application in comparison to biochar. Biochar are carbonaceous material which are generated by the anaerobic digestion of organic matter in the absence (pyrolysis) or partial presence of oxygen (gasification). Solid material which is obtained after the pyrolysis has micro-pore for greater sorption characteristics, large specific surface area, and numerous functional groups which bears oxygen. The sorption properties are enhanced several times because of nano-enable properties such as numerous oxyl groups, large surface area, and high reactivity. The biochar conjugated with nanomaterials have also wide applications such as conjunctions of magnetic nanoparticles on biochar enhance its recycling and separation from reactions. Biochar and nano-biochar has great role in remediation of contaminants and toxicants from the soil and water environment. Biochar plays major role in carbon sequestrations, reduced the emission of greenhouse gases, management waste, and amendments soil. Its modified functional groups which bear oxygen can enhance sorption properties. Biochar have wide application in agriculture as it improves soil fertility, enhance growth of crops, and also increase the mobilization of nutrients and minerals, and makes availability higher amount of nutrients to the plants. Compared with biochar, nano-biochar has potential application in the environment management.

Graphical Abstract

Nano-biochar Production and its Characteristics: Overview

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
  1. Agarwal H, Kashyap VH, Mishra A, Bordoloi S, Singh PK, Joshi NC. Biochar-based fertilizers and their applications in plant growth promotion and protection; 3 Biotech; 2022 Jun; 12(6):136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03195-2
  2. Ahmad M, Ahmad M, Usman AR, Al-Faraj AS, Abduljabbar AS, Al-Wabel MI. Biochar composites with nano zerovalent iron and eggshell powder for nitrate removal from aqueous solution with coexisting chloride ions, Environmental science and pollution research; 2018 Sep; 25:25757-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0125-9
  3. Alengebawy A, Abdelkhalek ST, Qureshi SR, Wang MQ. Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: Ecological risks and human health implications, Toxics; 2021 Feb 25; 9(3):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030042
  4. Abd Almawgood OM, El Tohamy SA, Ismail EH, Samhan FA. Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar with Nanomagnetite: A novel Composite Heavy Metals Pollutants Removal, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry; 2021 Mar 1; 64(3):1293-313. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2020.43158.2870
  5. Amalina F, Abd Razak AS, Krishnan S, Sulaiman H, Zularisam AW, Nasrullah M. Advanced techniques in the production of biochar from lignocellulosic biomass and environmental applications, Cleaner Materials; 2022 Aug 30;100137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100137
  6. Ambaye TG, Vaccari M, van Hullebusch ED, Amrane A, Rtimi SJ. Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology; 2021 Oct 1:1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03060-w
  7. Amdeha E. Biochar-based nanocomposites for industrial wastewater treatment via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation and the parameters affecting these processes, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery; 2023 Jul 4:1-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04512-2
  8. Ayaz M, Feizienė D, Tilvikienė V, Feiza V, Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė E, Ullah S. Biochar with Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduces Direct Greenhouse Gas Emission Flux from Soil, Plants; 2023 Feb 22; 12(5):1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051002
  9. Bolan S, Hou D, Wang L, Hale L, Egamberdieva D, Tammeorg P, Li R, Wang B, Xu J, Wang T, Sun H. The potential of biochar as a microbial carrier for agricultural and environmental applications, Science of the Total Environment; 2023 May 8:163968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163968
  10. Chausali N, Saxena J, Prasad R. Nanobiochar and biochar based nanocomposites: Advances and applications, Journal of Agriculture and Food Research; 2021 Sep 1; 5:100191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100191
  11. Chen M, Alim N, Zhang Y, Xu N, Cao X. Contrasting effects of biochar nanoparticles on the retention and transport of phosphorus in acidic and alkaline soils, Environmental pollution; 2018 Aug 1; 239:562-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.050
  12. Cheng F, Li X. Preparation and application of biochar-based catalysts for biofuel production, Catalysts; 2018 Aug 24; 8(9):346. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8090346
  13. Chugh P, Kapoor R, Batra L, Singh R. Role of biochar and modified biochar for effective removal of heavy metals. InIntegrative Strategies for Bioremediation of Environmental Contaminants, Volume Two 2023 Jan 1 (pp. 17-30); Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-14013-6.00006-8
  14. Das R, Panda SN. Preparation and applications of biochar based nanocomposite: A review, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis; 2022 Sep 5:105691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105691
  15. Dhuldhaj UP, Malik N, Sirsat S. Microbial Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Future prospects and challenges In: Shende SS, Rajput VD, Gorovtsov AV, Minkina TM, Sushkova SN (Eds.), Microbial Synthesis of Nanomaterials, Nova Science Publisher, New York, 2021; pp. 337-357.
  16. Do MH, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Sharma P, Pandey A, Bui XT, Zhang X. Performance of a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell as biosensor for on-line measuring ammonium nitrogen in synthetic municipal wastewater, Science of The Total Environment; 2021 Nov 15; 795:148755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148755
  17. Enaime G, Baçaoui A, Yaacoubi A, Lübken M. Biochar for wastewater treatment—conversion technologies and applications, Applied Sciences; 2020 May 18; 10(10):3492. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103492
  18. Goswami L, Kushwaha A, Singh A, Saha P, Choi Y, Maharana M, Patil SV, Kim BS. Nano-biochar as a sustainable catalyst for anaerobic digestion: a synergetic closed-loop approach, Catalysts; 2022 Feb 1; 12(2):186. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020186
  19. Guo F, Bao L, Wang H, Larson SL, Ballard JH, Knotek-Smith HM, Zhang Q, Su Y, Wang X, Han F. A simple method for the synthesis of biochar nanodots using hydrothermal reactor, MethodsX; 2020 Jan 1; 7:101022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.101022  
  20. Hamidzadeh Z, Ghorbannezhad P, Ketabchi MR, Yeganeh B. Biomass-derived biochar and its application in agriculture, Fuel; 2023 Jun 1; 341:127701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127701
  21. Hassan AZ, Mahmoud AW, Turky GM, Safwat G. Rice husk derived biochar as smart material loading nano nutrients and microorganisms, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science; 2020 Mar 1; 26(2).
  22. Hossain MZ, Bahar MM, Sarkar B, Donne SW, Ok YS, Palansooriya KN, Kirkham MB, Chowdhury S, Bolan N. Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant, Biochar; 2020 Dec; 2:379-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00065-z  
  23. Abed Hussein B, Mahdi AB, Emad Izzat S, Acwin Dwijendra NK, Romero Parra RM, Barboza Arenas LA, Mustafa YF, Yasin G, Thaeer Hammid A, Kianfar E. Production, structural properties nano biochar and effects nano biochar in soil: a review, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry; 2022 Dec 1; 65(12):607-18. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2022.131162.5772
  24. Ippolito JA, Cui L, Kammann C, Wrage-Mönnig N, Estavillo JM, Fuertes-Mendizabal T, Cayuela ML, Sigua G, Novak J, Spokas K, Borchard N. Feedstock choice, pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics: a comprehensive meta-data analysis review, Biochar; 2020 Dec; 2:421-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00067-x  
  25. Jiang C, Yao M, Wang Z, Li J, Sun Z, Li L, Moon KS, Wong CP. A novel flower-like architecture comprised of 3D interconnected Co–Al-Ox/Sy decorated lignosulfonate-derived carbon nanosheets for flexible supercapacitors and electrocatalytic water splitting, Carbon; 2021 Oct 30; 184:386-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2021.08.044
  26. Dong M, He L, Jiang M, Zhu Y, Wang J, Gustave W, Wang S, Deng Y, Zhang X, Wang Z. Biochar for the removal of emerging pollutants from aquatic systems: a review, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; 2023 Jan 17; 20(3):1679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-022-00201-x
  27. Jiang SF, Ling LL, Xu Z, Liu WJ, Jiang H. Enhancing the catalytic activity and stability of noble metal nanoparticles by the strong interaction of magnetic biochar support, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research; 2018 Sep 11; 57(39):13055-64. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02777
  28. Khalid A, Khushnood RA, Mahmood A, Ferro GA, Ahmad S. Synthesis, characterization and applications of nano/micro carbonaceous inerts: A review, Procedia Structural Integrity; 2018 Jan 1; 9:116-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2018.06.019
  29. Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots, Nanomaterials; 2023 Apr 25; 13(9):1458. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13091458
  30. Kianfar E. Comparison and assessment of zeolite catalysts performance dimethyl ether and light olefins production through methanol: a review, Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry; 2019 Aug 27; 39(3):157-77. https://doi.org/10.1515/revic-2019-0001
  31. Kianfar E, Mahler A. Zeolites: properties, applications, modification and selectivity, Zeolites: advances in research and applications; 2020; 1.
  32. Kianfar E, Salimi M. A review on the production of light olefins from hydrocarbons cracking and methanol conversion, Advances in chemistry research; 2020; 59:1-81.
  33. Kianfar E, Salimi M, Koohestani B. Zeolite CATALYST: a review on the production of light olefins, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing; 2020.
  34. Kianfar E, Cao V. Polymeric membranes on base of PolyMethyl methacrylate for air separation: a review, Journal of Materials Research and Technology; 2021 Jan 1; 10:1437-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.061
  35. Kim HB, Kim SH, Jeon EK, Kim DH, Tsang DC, Alessi DS, Kwon EE, Baek K. Effect of dissolved organic carbon from sludge, Rice straw and spent coffee ground biochar on the mobility of arsenic in soil, Science of the Total Environment; 2018 Sep 15; 636:1241-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.406
  36. Kim HB, Kim SH, Jeon EK, Kim DH, Tsang DC, Alessi DS, Kwon EE, Baek K. Effect of dissolved organic carbon from sludge, Rice straw and spent coffee ground biochar on the mobility of arsenic in soil, Science of the Total Environment; 2018 Sep 15; 636:1241-8. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12084051
  37. Lian F, Wang Z, Xing B. Nano-black carbon (biochar) released from pyrogenic carbonaceous matter as a super suspending agent in water/soil environments, Biochar; 2021 Mar; 3:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00075-x
  38. Li J, Cai X, Liu Y, Gu Y, Wang H, Liu S, Liu S, Yin Y, Liu S. Design and synthesis of a biochar-supported nano manganese dioxide composite for antibiotics removal from aqueous solution, Frontiers in Environmental Science; 2020 May 22; 8:62. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00062
  39. Li Y, Zhang F, Yang M, Zhang J, Xie Y. Impacts of biochar application rates and particle sizes on runoff and soil loss in small cultivated loess plots under simulated rainfall, Science of the Total Environment; 2019 Feb 1; 649:1403-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.415
  40. Lian F, Yu W, Zhou Q, Gu S, Wang Z, Xing B. Size matters: nano-biochar triggers decomposition and transformation inhibition of antibiotic resistance genes in aqueous environments, Environmental science & technology; 2020 Jun 19; 54(14):8821-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c02227  
  41. Lian F, Yu W, Wang Z, Xing B. New insights into black carbon nanoparticle-induced dispersibility of goethite colloids and configuration-dependent sorption for phenanthrene, Environmental science & technology; 2018 Dec 12; 53(2):661-70. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05066
  42. Liu B, Li H, Ma X, Chen R, Wang S, Li L. The synergistic effect of oxygen-containing functional groups on CO 2 adsorption by the glucose–potassium citrate-derived activated carbon, RSC advances; 2018; 8(68):38965-73. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA05523H
  43. Liu G, Zheng H, Jiang Z, Zhao J, Wang Z, Pan B, Xing B. Formation and physicochemical characteristics of nano biochar: insight into chemical and colloidal stability, Environmental science & technology; 2018 Aug 24; 52(18):10369-79. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01481
  44. Liu M, Linna C, Ma S, Ma Q, Song W, Shen M, Song L, Cui K, Zhou Y, Wang L. Biochar combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers promoted the rapeseed nutrient uptake and improved the purple soil quality, Frontiers in Nutrition; 2022 Sep 14; 9:997151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.997151
  45. Lopes RP, Guimarães T, Astruc D. Magnetized biochar as a gold nanocatalyst support for p-nitrophenol reduction, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society; 2021 Jul 28; 32:1680-6. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210056
  46. Majdi HS, Latipov ZA, Borisov V, Yuryevna NO, Kadhim MM, Suksatan W, Khlewee I, Kianfar E. Nano and Battery Anode: A Review, Nanoscale Res Lett; 2021; 16: 177. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-021-03631-x
  47. Molina Delgado L, Segura A. Biochemical and metabolic plant responses toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals present in atmospheric pollution. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112305
  48. Mukherjee S, Sarkar B, Aralappanavar VK, Mukhopadhyay R, Basak BB, Srivastava P, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O, Bhatnagar A, Semple KT, Bolan N. Biochar-microorganism interactions for organic pollutant remediation: Challenges and perspectives, Environmental Pollution; 2022 Sep 1; 308:119609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119609
  49. Murtaza G, Ahmed Z, Eldin SM, Ali I, Usman M, Iqbal R, Rizwan M, Abdel-Hameed UK, Haider AA, Tariq A. Biochar as a green sorbent for remediation of polluted soils and associated toxicity risks: A critical review, Separations; 2023 Mar 13; 10(3):197. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10030197
  50. Neupane D. Biofuels from Renewable Sources, a Potential Option for Biodiesel Production, Bioengineering; 2022 Dec 25; 10(1):29. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010029
  51. Novotný M, Marković M, Raček J, Šipka M, Chorazy T, Tošić I, Hlavínek P. The use of biochar made from biomass and biosolids as a substrate for green infrastructure: A review, Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy; 2023 May 1; 32:100999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.100999
  52. Osman AI, Fawzy S, Farghali M, El-Azazy M, Elgarahy AM, Fahim RA, Maksoud MA, Ajlan AA, Yousry M, Saleem Y, Rooney DW. Biochar for agronomy, animal farming, anaerobic digestion, composting, water treatment, soil remediation, construction, energy storage, and carbon sequestration: a review, Environmental Chemistry Letters; 2022 Aug; 20(4):2385-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01424-x
  53. Palansooriya KN, Shaheen SM, Chen SS, Tsang DC, Hashimoto Y, Hou D, Bolan NS, Rinklebe J, Ok YS. Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review, Environment international; 2020 Jan 1; 134:105046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105046 
  54. Pratap T, Patel M, Pittman CU, Nguyen TA, Mohan D. Nanobiochar: A sustainable solution for agricultural and environmental applications, InNanomaterials for Soil Remediation 2021 Jan 1; 501-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822891-3.00028-1
  55. Rajput VD, Minkina T, Ahmed B, Singh VK, Mandzhieva S, Sushkova S, Bauer T, Verma KK, Shan S, van Hullebusch ED, Wang B. Nano-biochar: A novel solution for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation, Environmental Research; 2022 Jul 1 ;210:112891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.112891
  56. Ramanayaka S, Vithanage M, Alessi DS, Liu WJ, Jayasundera AC, Ok YS. Nanobiochar: production, properties, and multifunctional applications. Environmental Science: Nano. 2020;7(11):3279-302. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EN00486C  
  57. Rawat J, Saxena J, Sanwal P. Biochar: a sustainable approach for improving plant growth and soil properties, Biochar-an imperative amendment for soil and the environment; 2019 Jan 8;1-7.
  58. Sajjadi B, Zubatiuk T, Leszczynska D, Leszczynski J, Chen WY. Chemical activation of biochar for energy and environmental applications: a comprehensive review, Reviews in Chemical Engineering; 2019 Oct 1; 35(7):777-815. https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2018-0003
  59. Sciarria TP, Oliveira AC, Mecheri B, D’Epifanio A, Goldfarb JL, Adani F. Metal-free activated biochar as an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst in single chamber microbial fuel cells, Journal of Power Sources 2020; 462: 228183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228183
  60. Sonowal S, Koch N, Sarma H, Prasad K, Prasad R. A Review on Magnetic Nanobiochar with Their Use in Environmental Remediation and High-Value Applications, Journal of Nanomaterials; 2023 Jan 5; 2023. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4881952
  61. Sugiarto Y, Sunyoto NM, Zhu M, Jones I, Zhang D. Effect of biochar in enhancing hydrogen production by mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food wastes: The role of minerals, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy; 2021 Jan 19; 46(5):3695-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.256
  62. Sun B, Zhang Y, Chen W, Wang K, Zhu L. Concentration dependent effects of bovine serum albumin on graphene oxide colloidal stability in aquatic environment, Environmental science & technology; 2018 Jun 12; 52(13):7212-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b06218
  63. Syah R, Zahar M, Kianfar E. Nanoreactors: properties, applications and characterization, International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2021; 19(10): 981-1007. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2021-0069
  64. Tomczyk A, Sokołowska Z, Boguta P. Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology; 2020 Mar; 19:191-215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-020-09523-3
  65. Venkatesh R, Karthi N, Kawin N, Prakash T, Kannan CR, Karthigairajan M, Bobe K. Synthesis and adsorbent performance of modified biochar with ag/MgO nanocomposites for heat storage application, Adsorption Science & Technology; 2022 Sep 29; 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7423102
  66. Wu L, Wei C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Kuzyakov Y, Ding X. MgO-modified biochar increases phosphate retention and rice yields in saline-alkaline soil, Journal of Cleaner Production; 2019 Oct 20; 235:901-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.043
  67. Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Varjani S, Saravanan A. A critical review on the biochar production techniques, characterization, stability and applications for circular bioeconomy, Biotechnology Reports; 2020 Dec 1; 28:e00570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00570
  68. Yadav AP, Dwivedi V, Kumar S, Kushwaha A, Goswami L, Reddy BS. Cyanobacterial extracellular polymeric substances for heavy metal removal: a mini review, Journal of Composites Science; 2020 Dec 23; 5(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5010001
  69. Yadav SP, Bhandari S, Bhatta D, Poudel A, Bhattarai S, Yadav P, Ghimire N, Paudel P, Paudel P, Shrestha J, Oli B. Biochar application: A sustainable approach to improve soil health. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2023 Jan 6:100498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100498
  70. Yang F, Zhang S, Sun Y, Du Q, Song J, Tsang DC. A novel electrochemical modification combined with one-step pyrolysis for preparation of sustainable thorn-like iron-based biochar composites, Bioresource technology; 2019 Feb 1; 274:379-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.042
  71. Yang Z, Yang R, Dong G, Xiang M, Hui J, Ou J, Qin H. Biochar nanocomposite derived from watermelon peels for electrocatalytic hydrogen production, ACS omega; 2021 Jan 14; 6(3):2066-73. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c05018  
  72. Yang Z, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wen L, Kianfar E. Investigation of effective parameters on SAPO-34 nanocatalyst in the methanol-to-olefin conversion process: a review, Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry; 2020 Sep 25; 40(3):91-105. https://doi.org/10.1515/revic-2020-0003
  73. Yao RJ, Li HQ, Yang JS, Wang XP, Xie WP, Zhang X. Biochar Addition Inhibits Nitrification by Shifting Community Structure of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Salt-Affected Irrigation-Silting Soil, Microorganisms 2022; 10(2): 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020436
  74. Yogalakshmi KN, Sivashanmugam P, Kavitha S, Kannah Y, Varjani S, AdishKumar S, Kumar G. Lignocellulosic biomass-based pyrolysis: A comprehensive review, Chemosphere; 2022 Jan 1; 286:131824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131824
  75. Yue L, Lian F, Han Y, Bao Q, Wang Z, Xing B. The effect of biochar nanoparticles on rice plant growth and the uptake of heavy metals: Implications for agronomic benefits and potential risk, Science of the Total Environment; 2019 Mar 15; 656:9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.364
  76. Zhang Z, Ding H, Li Y, Yu J, Ding L, Kong Y, Ma J. Nitrogen-doped biochar encapsulated Fe/Mn nanoparticles as cost-effective catalysts for heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate towards the degradation of bisphenol-A: Mechanism insight and performance assessment, Separation and Purification Technology, 2022; 283: 120136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120136
  77. Zhou B, Chen X, Wang Q, Wei W, Zhang T. Effects of nano carbon on soil erosion and nutrient loss in a semi-arid loess region of Northwestern China, International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering; 2018 Jan 31; 11(1):138-45. 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.2775

 

International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
Volume 11, Issue 4
October 2023
Pages 206-220
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 08 July 2023
  • Revise Date: 14 September 2023
  • Accept Date: 21 September 2023
Share
How to cite
Statistics