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Iodixanol as a Gastrointestinal Contrast Media in the New Zealand White Rabbit
Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1 Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Veterinary Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shoushtar branch, Islamic Azad University. Khuzestan, Iran
Abstract
Determination of normal gastric emptying time and small intestinal transit time are useful in detecting gastrointestinal motility disorders and partial obstructions of the pylorus or small intestine. This study was conducted to evaluate iodixanol as a contrast agent in the gastrointestinal tract in New Zealand White rabbit. Twelve clinically healthy adult rabbits were prepared and kept for two weeks prior to study. Blood tests were performed 10 days prior to the study. After eighteen hour fasting, plain lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs were obtained. One thousand mg iodine per kilogram body weight of iodixanol was administered orally to the rabbits. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs were taken at zero, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after administration of contrast media and then in 30 minutes intervals until eight hours after swallowing , and then at nine, 10, 12and 24 hours. Blood tests were performed 5 days after the study. Contrast medium was noted in the small intestine immediately after administration in two of the twelve (16.66%) rabbits. Early gastric emptying time was started at 8.17±5.45 minutes. Delay gastric emptying time was started at 317.50±36.93 minutes. Early small intestine transit time was started at 59.00±15.54 minutes. Delay small intestine transit time was started at 476.00±37.14 minutes. Because of coprophagia there was some evidence of contrast media in stomach in twenty forth hour radiographs. It is concluded that this iodixanol gave a diagnostic opacification of upper gastrointestinal tract in rabbit.
Keywords
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Long, C.T., Page, R.B., Howard, A.M., McKeon, P., and Felt, S.A (2010). Comparison of Gastrografin to barium sulfate as a gastrointestinal contrast agent in red-eared slider turtles. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 51(1): 42–47.
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Meyer, J (1998). Gastrografin as a gastrointestinal contrast agent in the Greek tortoise. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 29(2): 183-189.
Shorvon, P. J., Lees, W.R., Frost, R. A., and Cotton, P. B (1987). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasonography in gastroenterology. British Journal of Radiology. 60(713): 429-438.
Smith, D., Dobson, H., and Spence, E (2001). Gastrointestinal studies in the green iguana: Technique and Reference values. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 42(6): 515-520.
Wray, J.D., and Blunden, A.S (2006). Progressive dysphagia in a dog caused by a scirrhous, poorly differentiated perioesophageal carcinoma. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 47(1)
Di Bello, A., Valastro, C., Staffieri, F., and Crovace, A (2006). Contrast Radiography of the gastrointestinal tract in sea turtles. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 47(4): 351–354.
Heyman, S (1998). Gastric Emptying in Children. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 39: 865-869.
Kealy, J.K., McAllister, H., and Graham, J.P (2011). Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. 5th edition, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp: 80-97.
Kim, S.H., Han, J.K., Lee, K.H., Yoon, C.J., Kim, Y.I., Lee, H.S., and Chol, B.I (2004). Experimentally Induced Small-Bowel Tumor in Rabbits: US-guided Percutaneous 18-gauge Core Biopsy. Journal of Radiology, 231:150–155.
Kuriashkin, I.V., and Losonsky, J.M (2000). Contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging using intravenous paramagnetic contrast media: a review. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 41(1):4-7.
Lavin, L.M (2002). Radiography in Veterinary Technology. 3th edition, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp: 265-290.
Long, C.T., Page, R.B., Howard, A.M., McKeon, P., and Felt, S.A (2010). Comparison of Gastrografin to barium sulfate as a gastrointestinal contrast agent in red-eared slider turtles. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 51(1): 42–47.
Megibow, A.J., Balthazar, E.J., Naidich, D.P., and Bosniak, M.A (1983). Computed Tomography of Gastrointestinal Lymphoma. American Journal of Roentgenology. 141(3): 541-547.
Meyer, J (1998). Gastrografin as a gastrointestinal contrast agent in the Greek tortoise. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 29(2): 183-189.
Shorvon, P. J., Lees, W.R., Frost, R. A., and Cotton, P. B (1987). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasonography in gastroenterology. British Journal of Radiology. 60(713): 429-438.
Smith, D., Dobson, H., and Spence, E (2001). Gastrointestinal studies in the green iguana: Technique and Reference values. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 42(6): 515-520.
Wray, J.D., and Blunden, A.S (2006). Progressive dysphagia in a dog caused by a scirrhous, poorly differentiated perioesophageal carcinoma. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 47(1)
Volume 2, Issue 6 - Serial Number 6
May and June 2014Pages 2173-2177
- Receive Date 01 August 2014
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