Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Dry-land Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Kermanshah, Iran
3 Kermanshah agri-jahad organization, Kermanshah, Iran
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine drought tolerance genotypes with superiority in different stressed environments. To screening quantitative indices of drought tolerance, genotypes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were tested in a complete randomized block design with three replications under two different water regimes (irrigated and rainfed). Significant positive correlation was found between grain yield in the stress condition (Ys) with indicators stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean (HAR) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indicating that these indices are suitable criteria for screening drought tolerant genotypes. No significant correlation was observed between Ys with tolerance index (TOL) and mean productivity (MP), hence they can be discarded as the desirable markers for identifying drought tolerant genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA), indicated that the first and second components justified 98.45% of variations between the criteria. Screening drought tolerant genotypes using mean rank, standard deviation of ranks and biplot analysis, discriminated genotype G1 (44) as the most drought tolerant. In conclusion, The indices STI, GMP, MP and HAR genotype G1 (44) were identified as spring planting drought resistant genotype. This genotype had the highest grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions was also high performance
Keywords
Bassil ES, Kaffka SR (2002a). Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation I. Consumptive water use. Agr Water Manage. 54: 67–80.
Bassil ES, Kaffka SR (2002b). Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to saline soils and irrigation II. Crop response to salinity. Agr Water Manage. 54: 81–92.
Betran FJ, Beck D, Banziger M, Edmeades GO, (2003). Crop Sci, 43: 807-817.
Bruckner PL, Frohberg RC (1987). Rate and duration of grain fill in spring wheat. Crop Sci 27:451-455.
Byrne PF, Bolanos J, Edmeades GO, Eaton DL, (1995). Crop Sci, 35: 63-69.
Clarke JM, de Pauw RM, Townley-Smith TM (1992). Evaluation of methods for quantification of drought tolerance in wheat. Crop Sci 32:728-732.
Dehdari A (2003). Genetic analysis of salt tolerance in wheat crosses. Ph.D. thesis. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, 141 p.
Dordas CA, Sioulas C (2008) Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Ind Crops Prod. 27: 75–85.
Farshadfar E, Rasoli V, Teixeira da Silva JA, Farshadfar M, (2011). Aust J Crop Sci, 5 (7): 870-878.
Farshadfar E, Ghannadha M, Zahravi M, Sutka J, (2001). Acta Agron Hungarica, 49(1): 59-66.
Fernandez, GCJ. (1992). Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress Tolerance. Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre, Taiwan, 257-270 p.
Fischer RA, Maurer R, (1978). Aust J Agric Res, 29: 897 – 912.
Gavuzzi P, Rizza F, Palumbo M, Campanile RG, Ricciardi GL, Borghi B (1997). Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Can J Plant Sci 77:523-531.
Kar G, Kumar A, Martha M (2007) Water use efficiency and crop coefficients of dry season oilseed crops. Agr Water Manage. 87: 73-82.
Khalili Mosavi A, Taghizadeh R, Khazaei H, Omidi Tabrizi A. H., J. on Plant Science Res, (2009), 13, 1.
Khayatnezhad M, Gholamin R, Jamaati-e-Somarin S, Zabihi-e-Mahmoodabad R (2010). Study of drought tolerance of maize genotypes using the stress tolerance index. Am-Eur J Agricult Environ Sci 9:359-363.
Mitra J (2001). Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants. Current Sci 80:758-762.
Pandey RK, Maranville JW, Admou A (2001). Tropical wheat response to irrigation and nitrogen in a Sahelian environment. I. Grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency. Eur J Agron. 15: 93–105.
Quiroga AR, Dı´az-Zorita M, Buschiazzo DE (2001). Safflower productivity as related to soil water storage and management practices in semiarid regions. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 32 (17 and 18):2851–2862.
Richards RA, Rebetzke GJ, Condon AG, Herwaarden AF (2002). Breeding opportunities for increasing the efficiency of water use and crop yield in temperate cereals. Crop Sci 42:111-121.
Rosielle AT, Hambelen J, (1981) Crop Sci, 21: 943–946.
Sio-Se Mardeh A, Ahmadi A, Poustini K, Mohammadi V (2006). Evaluation of drought resistance indices under various environmental conditions. Field Crops Res 98:222-229.
Shirani Rad AH, Abbasian A (2011). Evaluation of drought tolerance in winter rapeseed cultivars based on tolerance and sensitivity indices. Žemdirbystė Agricult 98:41-48.
Talebi R (2009). Effective selection criteria for assessing drought stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Gen Appl Plant Physiol 35:64-74.
Yau SK (2004). Safflower agronomic characters, yield and economic revenue in comparison with other rainfed crops in a highelevation, semiarid Mediterranean environment. Exp Agric. 40: 453–462.
Yousefi M (2004). Evaluation of selection efficiency for drought tolerant in wheat. M.Sc. Thesis. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, 109 p. (in Farsi).
)