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The Effect of Two Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) Cultivars on Peel Components and Juice Quality Parameters
Document Type : Original Article
Author
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University (I A U), Roudehen, Iran
Abstract
Studies have shown that oxygenated compounds and TSS are important in food products. It seems that cultivars have a profound influence on these factors. The goal of the present study is to investigate on flavor components and juice quality parameters of two mandarin cultivars. In the last week of January 2012, at least 10 mature fruit were collected and their peel oil was extracted using cold-press and eluted using n-hexane, then analyzed using GC and GC-MS. TSS were determined using a refractometer. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range tests. The amount of aldehydes ranged from 0.19% to 1.09%. TSS ranged from 7.6% to 9.8 %. Between two cultivars examined, Willow leaf showed the highest content of aldehydes and TSS. As a result of our study, we can conclude that the cultivars used can influence the quantity of oxygenated compounds present in the oil and TSS present in the juice
Keywords
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Al-Rousan,W.M.M., Ajo, R.Y., Angor, M.M., Osaili, T and Bani-Hani, N.M (2 012). Impact of different irrigation levels and harvesting periods on the quantity and quality of Navel oranges (Citrus sinensis) and fruit juice. J Food Agric Enviro, 10 (2): 115 -119.
Andrews, E.S., Theis, N and Alder, L.S (2007). Pollinator and herbivore attraction to cucurbita floral volatiles. J Chem Ecol, 33:1682-1691.
Antonucci, F., Pallottino, F., Paglia, G., Palma, A., Aquino, S.D and Menesatti, P (2011). Non-destructive estimation of mandarin maturity status through portable VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. Food Bioprocess Technol, 4(5):809–813.
Babazadeh-Darjazi, B., Rustaiyan, A., Talaei, A., Khalighi, A., Larijani, K., Golein, B. and Taghizad, R (2009). The effects of rootstock on the volatile flavor components of page mandarin juice and peel. Iran J Chem Chem Eng, 28 (2):99-111.
Babazadeh-Darjazi, B., Rustaiyan, A and Taghizad, R (2011a) . A study on oxygenated constituents percentage existed in page mandarine peel oil during a special season . J Med Plant, 4 (2):87-93.
Babazadeh- Darjazi, B (2011b) . Comparison of volatile components of flower, leaf, peel and juice of Page’ mandarin. Afr J Biotechnol, 10 (51):10437-10446.
Babazadeh- Darjazi, B (2011c) . A comparison of volatile components of flower of page mandarin obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction and hydrodistillation. J Med Plant Res, 5(13): 2840-2847.
Baldwin, E.A (2002). Fruit flavor, volatile metabolism and consumer perceptions. Edited by Knee, M. Florida: CRC Press LLC Publication.89-106.
Buettner, A., Mestres, M., Fischer, A., Guasch, J and Schieberie, P (2003). Evaluation of the most odoractive compounds in the peel oil of clementines (Citrus reticulate Blanco cv. Clementine). Eur Food Res Technol, 216: 11-14.
FAO (2012). Statistical Database. Available from: http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/default.aspx#ancor.
Hardy, S and Sanderson, G (2010). Citrus maturity testing. Primefact 980:1-6.
Hay, R.K.M and Waterman, P (1995) .Volatile oils crops; their biology, biochemistry, and production, 3nd edn. Wiley, New Jersey. USA.
Kite, G., Reynolds, T and Prance, T (1991). Potential pollinator –attracting chemicals from Victoria (Nymphaeaceae). Biochem Syst Ecol, 19(7): 535-539.
Ladanyia, M (2008). Citrus fruit: biology, technology and evaluation, Academic Press, San Diego.
Lota, M.L., Serra, D., Tomi, F and Casanova, J (2001). Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of 15 species of mandarins. Biochem Syst Ecol, 29:77-104.
Lota, M.L., Serra, D., Tomi, F and Casanova, J (2000). Chemical variability of peel and leaf essential oils of mandarins from Citrus reticulate Blanco. Biochem Syst Ecol, 28:61-78.
Majedi, M (1994). Food chemical analysis methods. University Jahad,Tehran.
McLafferty, F.W and Stauffer, D.B (1991). The important peak index of the registry of mass spectral data. Wiley, New York. USA.
Nematollahi, C.E (2005). Valuation the effect of Citrumelo Swingle rootstock on quantitative and qualitative characteristics in mandarins and orange varieties. Final Report of Project. Iran Citrus Research Institute, Ramsar.
Rouse, R.E (2000). Citrus fruit quality and yield of six Valencia clones on 16 rootstocks inthe Immokalee foundation grove. Proc Fla State Hort Soc, 113:112-114.
Rui, W., Xue-gen, S., You-zhangl, W., Xiao-e1, Y and Juhani, U (2006). Yield and quality responses of citrus (Citrus reticulate) and tea (Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel.) to compound fertilizers. J Zhejiang Univ Science B, 7(9):696-701.
Salem, A (2003). Extraction and identification of essential oil components of the peel, leafand flower of tangerine”Citrus nobilis loureior var deliciosa swingle” cultivated at the north of Iran. Master of Science thesis, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical sciences branch.
Scora, R.W, Esen, A and Kumamoto, J (1976). Distribution of essential oils in leaf tissue of an F2 population of Citrus. Euphytica, 25: 201-209.
Volume 1, Issue 11 - Serial Number 11
November and December 2013Pages 1351-1363
- Receive Date 19 August 2014
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