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Effect of Water and Temperature on Seed Germination and Emergence as a Seed Hydrothermal Time Model
Document Type : Review Article
Author
Young researchers club, Boroujed branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
Abstract
The physiological process of germination depends on several environmental factors such as temperature, water potential, light, nutrients and smoke. Water and temperature are determinant factors for seed germination. Both factors can, separately or jointly, affect the germination percentage and germination rate. The effect of temperature on germination and water potential on germination canoften be described by the thermal time and hydrotime models, respectively. The germination and growth behavior of different seeds under the influence of different physical parameters have been explained by different models. Thermal-time describe effect of temperature on seed germination. The ability to germinate rapidly at low temperatures has been proposed as one of many mechanisms thatconfer a competitive advantage to this species. Previous studies of this phenomenon, however, have been limited to relativelysimple comparisons of total germinability and germination rate under selected constant-temperature treatments.Hydro-time models describe effect of water potential on seed germination as have been combined to form hydrothermal-time model that can describe seed germination patterns. Historical patterns of seedbed microclimate and predicted germination response may be useful in assessing and optimizing alternative field planting scenarios. Inclusion of weather forecasting and seedbed modeling may providereal-time management options for improving rangeland seeding success
Keywords
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Beyranvand, H., Farnia, A., Nakhjavan, SH. and Shaban, M. (2013). Response of yield and yield components of maize (Zea mayz L.) to different bio fertilizers. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 9: 1068-1077.
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Bradford, K. J. (1995). Water relations in seed germination. Pages 351–396 in J. Kigel and G. Galili, eds.
Seed Development and Germination. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Covell S, Ellis RH, Roberts EH, Summerfield RJ (1986). The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. I. A comparison of chickpea, lentil, soybean, and cowpea at constant temperatures. J. Exp. Bot. 37: 705–715.
Ellis RH, Covell S, Roberts EH, Summerfield RJ (1986). The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. II. Intraspecific variation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at constant temperatures. J. Exp. Bot. 37:1503-1515.
Ellis, R. H. and S. Barrett. (1994). Alternating temperatures and the rate of seed germination in lentil. Ann. Bot. 74:519–524.
Forcella, F., R. L. Benech-Arnold, R. Sa´nchez, and C. M. Ghersa. (2000). Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Res. 67:123–139.
GAN, Y. (1996). Evaluation of select nonlinear regression models in quantifying seedling emergence rate of spring wheat. Crop Sci., v. 36, n. 1, p. 165-168.
Grundy AC, Phelps K, Reader RJ, Burston S. (2000). Modelling the germination of Stellaria media using the concept of hydrothermal time. New Phytol. 148:433–444.
GUAN, B. (2009). Germination responses of Medicago ruthenica seeds to salinity, alkalinity, and temperature. J. Arid Environ., v. 73, n. 1, p. 135-138.
Guillermo RC, Diego B, Mario RS, Gustavo O. (2009). Germination parameterization and development of an after-ripening thermal-time model for primary dormancy release of Lithospermum arvense seeds.
Annals Bot.103:1291–1301.
Gummerson, R. J. (1986). The effect of constant temperatures and osmotic potential on the germination of sugar beet. J. Exp. Bot. 37:729–741.
Hardegree SP (2006). Predicting germination response to temperature. I. Cardinal-temperature models and sub-population specific regression. Annals Bot. 97:1115–1125.
Hilhorst, H. W. M. 1998. The regulation of secondary dormancy. The membrane hypothesis revisited. Seed Sci. Res. 8:77–90.
Kiani, M, Farnia, A.,and Shaban, M. (2013). Changes of seed yield, seed protein and seed oil in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under application of different bio fertilizers. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 10: 1170-1178.
RIZZARDI, M. A. et al. Effect of cardinal temperature and water potential on morning glory (Ipomoea triloba) seed germination. Planta Daninha, v. 27, n. 1, p. 13-21, 2009.
Roberts, E. H. 1988. Temperature and seed germination. Pages 109–132 in S. P. Long and F. I. Woodward, eds. Plants and Temperature. Cambridge, U.K: Society for Experimental Biology.
Shaban, M. (2013a). Application of seed equilibrium moisture curves in agro physics. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 9: 885-898.
Shaban, M. (2013b). Biochemical aspects of protein changes in seed physiology and germination. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 8: 885-898.
Wei Y, Bai Y, Henderson DC. (2009). Critical conditions for successful regeneration of an endangered annual plant Cryptantha minima: A modeling approach. J. Arid. Environ. 73:872-875.
Beyranvand, H., Farnia, A., Nakhjavan, SH. and Shaban, M. (2013). Response of yield and yield components of maize (Zea mayz L.) to different bio fertilizers. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 9: 1068-1077.
Bierhuizen, J. F. and W. A. Wagenvoort. 1974. Some aspects of seed germination in vegetables. I. The determination and application of heat sums and minimum temperature for germination. Scientia Hortic. 2:213–219.
Bradford KJ (2002). Applications of hydrothermal time to quantifying and modeling seed germination and dormancy, Weed Sci. 50:248–260.
Bradford, K. J. (1995). Water relations in seed germination. Pages 351–396 in J. Kigel and G. Galili, eds.
Seed Development and Germination. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
Covell S, Ellis RH, Roberts EH, Summerfield RJ (1986). The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. I. A comparison of chickpea, lentil, soybean, and cowpea at constant temperatures. J. Exp. Bot. 37: 705–715.
Ellis RH, Covell S, Roberts EH, Summerfield RJ (1986). The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in grain legumes. II. Intraspecific variation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at constant temperatures. J. Exp. Bot. 37:1503-1515.
Ellis, R. H. and S. Barrett. (1994). Alternating temperatures and the rate of seed germination in lentil. Ann. Bot. 74:519–524.
Forcella, F., R. L. Benech-Arnold, R. Sa´nchez, and C. M. Ghersa. (2000). Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Res. 67:123–139.
GAN, Y. (1996). Evaluation of select nonlinear regression models in quantifying seedling emergence rate of spring wheat. Crop Sci., v. 36, n. 1, p. 165-168.
Grundy AC, Phelps K, Reader RJ, Burston S. (2000). Modelling the germination of Stellaria media using the concept of hydrothermal time. New Phytol. 148:433–444.
GUAN, B. (2009). Germination responses of Medicago ruthenica seeds to salinity, alkalinity, and temperature. J. Arid Environ., v. 73, n. 1, p. 135-138.
Guillermo RC, Diego B, Mario RS, Gustavo O. (2009). Germination parameterization and development of an after-ripening thermal-time model for primary dormancy release of Lithospermum arvense seeds.
Annals Bot.103:1291–1301.
Gummerson, R. J. (1986). The effect of constant temperatures and osmotic potential on the germination of sugar beet. J. Exp. Bot. 37:729–741.
Hardegree SP (2006). Predicting germination response to temperature. I. Cardinal-temperature models and sub-population specific regression. Annals Bot. 97:1115–1125.
Hilhorst, H. W. M. 1998. The regulation of secondary dormancy. The membrane hypothesis revisited. Seed Sci. Res. 8:77–90.
Kiani, M, Farnia, A.,and Shaban, M. (2013). Changes of seed yield, seed protein and seed oil in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under application of different bio fertilizers. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 10: 1170-1178.
RIZZARDI, M. A. et al. Effect of cardinal temperature and water potential on morning glory (Ipomoea triloba) seed germination. Planta Daninha, v. 27, n. 1, p. 13-21, 2009.
Roberts, E. H. 1988. Temperature and seed germination. Pages 109–132 in S. P. Long and F. I. Woodward, eds. Plants and Temperature. Cambridge, U.K: Society for Experimental Biology.
Shaban, M. (2013a). Application of seed equilibrium moisture curves in agro physics. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 9: 885-898.
Shaban, M. (2013b). Biochemical aspects of protein changes in seed physiology and germination. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. Volume 1, Issue 8: 885-898.
Wei Y, Bai Y, Henderson DC. (2009). Critical conditions for successful regeneration of an endangered annual plant Cryptantha minima: A modeling approach. J. Arid. Environ. 73:872-875.
Volume 1, Issue 12 - Serial Number 12
November and December 2013Pages 1686-1691
- Receive Date 19 August 2014
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