1. Investigation of SSM-Wheat Model to Forecast of Growth and Yield of Wheat in Response to Fertilizer Nitrogen in order to Decrease Pollution Environmental and Diseases

Akram Moeinirad; Ebrahim Zeinali; Afshin Soltani; Serollah Galeshi; Farhood Yeganehpoor

Volume 5, Issue 2, pp. 52-107 , Spring 2017, , Pages 73-78

http://dx.doi.org/10.26655/ijabbr.2017.3.5

Abstract

  Objective: Environmental and economic challenges resulting from the application of nitrogen fertilizers have increased Concerns about its productivity in the agricultural systems. Thus ...  Read More Objective: Environmental and economic challenges resulting from the application of nitrogen fertilizers have increased Concerns about its productivity in the agricultural systems. Thus an experiment in order to investigate ability SSM-Wheat for simulation growth and yield of wheat (cultivar N-87-20) in response to fertilizer nitrogen in the direction decrease Pollution environmental and diseases was conducted. Methods: Simulation be done for 20 years’ time period from 1996 to 2016 with using daily weather data (minimum and maximum temperature, rainfall and radiation), experiment data and information of field soil. In order to test of model results be used from assessment indicators coefficient of determination (R), coefficient of variation (CV), root mean square error‌ (RMSE). Results: On the basis of evaluation of results, model could grain yield, biological yield, leaf area index in pollination stage and harvest index forecasted well, as root mean square error (RMSE) between measured data and simulated data mentioned traits were 958.82, 2305.62, 1.12, 6.58 respectively. Observed and simulated data day to  and day to physiological maturity were very similar too, and difference between observed and simulated data of phonological stages no significant was and RMSE day to pollination and day to physiological maturity were 3.72 and 4.89 respectively. SSM-Wheat model in elevation of mentioned traits for wheat cultivar N-87-20 was prospered well and acceptable. So SSM-Wheat model can be used in the direction recovery nitrogen nutrition management of plants, Nitrogen nutrition with the aim access to maximum yield and decrease consumption of luxury nitrogen fertilizer in wheat in order to reduce pollution of environmental and disease.

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2. The effect of microbial inoculants on physiological responses of two wheat cultivars under salt stress

Kobra saghafi; Jafar Ahmadi; Ahmad Asgharzadeh; Shiva Bakhtiari

Volume 4, Issue 4, pp. 319-404 , December 2016, , Pages 364-371

http://dx.doi.org/10.26655/ijabbr.2016.12.6

Abstract

  Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit crop growth and productivity. This study focuses on the effects of different strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ...  Read More Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit crop growth and productivity. This study focuses on the effects of different strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the physiological responses of two wheat cultivars under normal and salt stress conditions. The wheat cultivars selected include one which is tolerant to salinity (Kavir) and one which is sensitive to salt-stress (Qods). The factors considered were four levels of PGPR (B1 to B4) and two levels of salinized culture solution (S1 to S2). Before planting, the wheat was inoculated with strains of PGPR. Results showed that salt stress reduced RWC, Leaf Chlorophyll index and photosynthesis characteristics. The application of PGPRs strains reduced the negative effects of saline stress by increasing the leaf’s relative water content and enhancing photosynthetic pigment production in both stress and normal condition. The mechanism of PGPR elicitation of growth promotion may involve the enhancement of root hair development and therefore increased relative water content, chlorophyll pigments and water uptake. Single and dual inoculations of PGPR strains showed variations in their effect to enhance the wheat tolerance to salt. The bacterial consortium was effective for wheat plants as an acceptable and ecofriendly technology to improve plant performance and development.

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3. Evaluation of genetic parameters in agro-physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigated condition

Ezatollah Farshadfar; Hossein Romena; Akbar Shabani

Volume 4, Issue 4, pp. 319-404 , December 2016, , Pages 319-326

http://dx.doi.org/10.26655/ijabbr.2016.12.1

Abstract

  Selection of genotypes based on high value of heritability and forecasted genetic conditions would be an effective method for improvement of wheat cultivars. The present investigation ...  Read More Selection of genotypes based on high value of heritability and forecasted genetic conditions would be an effective method for improvement of wheat cultivars. The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic variability of agro-physiological characters using biometrical genetic techniques in 20 bread wheat genotypes under irrigated condition. For this purpose an experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of some agro- physiological traits and their relationship with yield under Irrigated conditions. High genetic variability was observed between the genotypes for the characters grain yield (GY), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll ab (Chl ab), quantum yield (QY), performance index (PI), relative water loss (RWL) and leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), therefore direct selection is effective for improvement of these traits.Total chlorophyll content (Chl ab), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and PI revealed high heritability and co-heritability with yield. Hence, they can be used as indirect selection for the improvement of yield under irrigated condition.

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4. Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium changes in soil and wheat under foliar application of Leonardite, N and K

Elnaz Azizzadeh; Seyed Ali Reza Movahedi Naeini; Ebrahim Zeinali; Ghorban Ali Roshani

Volume 4, Issue 2, pp. 126-228 , Spring 2016, , Pages 202-210

http://dx.doi.org/10.26655/ijabbr.2016.6.12

Abstract

  This study was carried out in order to evaluate the changes of Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium uptake by wheat and remaining of them in soil under foliar application of Leonardite ...  Read More This study was carried out in order to evaluate the changes of Nitrogen, phosphor and potassium uptake by wheat and remaining of them in soil under foliar application of Leonardite and foliar application of N and K. The experiment was conducted in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2013- 2014. The experiment was laid out a using split-plot arrangement based on complete block design with four replications. Treatments were nitrogen and nitrogen+potassium fertilizers in main plots and foliar application of nitrogen, potassium, humic power and mega humat with control in subplots. The results showed that, the effect of chemical fertilizers was significant on soil K content in harvesting stage, plant P and K content at heading beginning stage and grain N, P and K content at maturity. The effect of foliar application of Leonardite, Urea and potassium was significant on P and K content at heading beginning and harvesting stages, plant N, P and K content at heading beginning stage and grain N, P and K content at maturity. Interaction effect of chemical fertilizers and foliar application of Leonardite, Urea and potassium was significant on plant K content. Mean comparison results showed that, foliar application of Urea increased soil, plant and grain nitrogen content rather than other treatments. However, application of humic power and megahumat increased P uptake by wheat and accumulate in plant and grain tissues. Also results showed that integrated application of nitrogen+potassium and foliar application of potassium increased wheat K content. In final these results suggested that application of chemical fertilizers and foliar application of Leonardite, Urea and potassium had more effective on NPK supplying for wheat and uptake of these nutrients by wheat. Also improvement in soil properties and fertility status was recorded when chemical fertilizers were integrated with Leonardite, Urea and potassium as foliar application.

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5. Studies on Effectiveness of Plant Phytohormones in Reduction of Salinity Effects on Germination of Some Cultivar of Spring Wheat

Neda Ozhan; Maryam Hajibabaei

Volume 2, Issue 12 , Autumn 2014, , Pages 2860-2866

Abstract

  Objective: In order to investigate effects of different concentration of gibberlic acid (GA3), kentin and Putrescinepoly amine, on germination of three cultivars of wheat under salinity ...  Read More Objective: In order to investigate effects of different concentration of gibberlic acid (GA3), kentin and Putrescinepoly amine, on germination of three cultivars of wheat under salinity stress. Methods: The experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replicates in laboratory of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, department of agriculture in Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva branch in 2014. The first factor was four levels of salinity including S1: 3.78, S2: 5.95, S3: 10.25 and S4: 12.87 ds/m, the second factor was three cultivar of spring wheat including V1: Tajan, V2: Arg and V3: Pishtaz. The third factor was six level of hormone including H0: control, H1: GA3 150 mg/L, H2: Kentin 150 mg/L, H3: GA3 150 mg/L + Kentin 150 mg/L, H4: Putrescine 2.5 mmol/L, H5: GA3 150 mg/L + Kentin 150 mg/L + Putrescine 2.5 mmol/L. Coleoptile and Cleorhiza length, Cleorhiza number, Coleoptile, Cleorhiza and Seedling Dry Weight, Tissue Water Content (TWC), Germination Percent and Number of Damaged Seeds were measured. Results: Analysis of variance showed that Coleoptile and cleorhiza length, cleorhiza number, seedling dry weight and TWC affected by salinity, hormone and Cultivar at 1% of probability level, but not significant in other properties. In general, results of this experiment showed that application of different treatments of hormone and poly amine had no significant effect on reduction of salinity effect in germination process.

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6. Responses of Pishtaz Cultivar Seed Germination Treated with Gibberlic Acid (GA3) and Poly Amines Under Salinity Stress

Neda Ozhan; Maryam Hajibabaei

Volume 2, Issue 10 , Autumn 2014, , Pages 2637-2643

Abstract

  Objective: In order to investigate effects of different concentration of gibberlic acid and poly amines on germination and early growth of Pishtaz cultivar under salinity stress. Methods: ...  Read More Objective: In order to investigate effects of different concentration of gibberlic acid and poly amines on germination and early growth of Pishtaz cultivar under salinity stress. Methods: The experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replicates in laboratory of agronomy and plant breeding of agricultural department, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch in 2014. The first factor was salinity with four levels (S1:3.78, S2: 5.95, S3: 10.25 and S4: 12.87 ds/m) and the second factor was six level of hormones including H0: control, H1:GA3 (100mg/litr)، H2:GA3 (150mg/litr)، H3:GA3 (200mg/litr)، H4: Putrescine (2.5m/mol)، H5: Spermidine (5m/mol) and H6: GA3(100mg/litr) + Spermidine (5m/mol). coleoptile and cleorhiza length, cleorhiza number, coleoptile and cleorhiza dry weight, germination percent and number of damaged seeds were measured. Results: Analysis of variance showed significant difference among salinity and hormone levels for coleoptile and cleorhiza length, cleorhiza number at 1% of probability level and no difference for the rest properties. It was concluded that following increasing salinity, application of different levels of GA3 had no significant effect on germination process of Pishtaz cultivar.

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7. Roll of Gibberlic Acid and Sprimidin on Germination of Spring Cultivars of Wheat Under Salinity Stress

Neda Ozhan; Maryam Hajibabaei

Volume 2, Issue 9 , Summer 2014, , Pages 2518-2528

Abstract

  Objective: In order to Investigate effects of Gibberlic acid (GA3) and Sprimidin Poly Amine on Germination of three Cultivars of Wheat under Salinity Stress. Methods: The experiment ...  Read More Objective: In order to Investigate effects of Gibberlic acid (GA3) and Sprimidin Poly Amine on Germination of three Cultivars of Wheat under Salinity Stress. Methods: The experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replicates in Agronomy and plant breeding laboratory of Agricultural department of Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva branch in spring of 2014. The first factor was salinity with four levels (S1: 3.87 ds/m, S2: 5.95 ds/m, S3: 10.25 ds/m and S4: 12.87 ds/m) and the second factor was three cultivars of spring wheat including V1: Tajan, V2: Arg and V3: Pishtaz and the third factor 4 levels of hormone including H0: control (not application of hormone), H1: GA3 100 mg/L, H2: sprimidin 5 mmol/L and H3: GA3 100 mg/L + sprimidin 5 mmol/L. coleoptile and cleorhiza length, cleorhiza number, coleoptiles, cleorhiza and seedling dry weight, tissue water content (TWC), germination percent and number of damaged seeds were measured. Results: Analysis of variance showed that coleoptile and cleorhiza length, cleorhiza number, seedling and cleorhiza dry weigth affected by salinity, hormone and cultivar treatment at 1% of probability level. There are no significant differences for other properties. Results of this experiment indicated that even application of these treatments, development processes of germination under salinity stress decreased greatly.

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8. The Impact of Different Planting Methods on Yield and Cluster Characters Wheat (Cultivar of Chamran) Under Different Conditions of Irrigation in the Northern Khuzestan Climate

Kaveh Limochi; Farhad Farahvash; Shilan davodi; Fatemeh Fateminik

Volume 2, Issue 6 , Spring 2014, , Pages 2038-2044

Abstract

  This paper aims at investigating the impacts of different planting methods on the yield and Cluster Charactersin different irrigation conditions on wheat (cultivar of Chamran) in Khuzestan ...  Read More This paper aims at investigating the impacts of different planting methods on the yield and Cluster Charactersin different irrigation conditions on wheat (cultivar of Chamran) in Khuzestan for one year in Shavoor agricultural farm located in 70 km north of Ahvaz which lies in E longitude 48˚:28" and N latitude 31˚:50" as split plots in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main factor is planting method in two levels of linear and sprinkling, and the subsidiary factor comprises irrigation treatments and dry farming. Variance analysis results revealed that in both factors there is a significant effect in all characteristics is dependent upon genotype, while the interaction of the two factors was significant only on the characteristics of panicle number per square meter and seed number in each panicle. By examining the comparison of grain yield means and other agricultural traits, the highest significant numeric value belongs to linear planting, except for the panicle number per square meter that had completely reverse trends in both treatments. Ultimately it is concluded that besides economic considerations through decreasing the amount of seeds needed and the easier control of weeds, linear planting helps to increase grain yield by accurately adjusting the distance and depth with regard to the proper positioning of seeds through increasing the claw number and other relevant characteristics of performance.

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9. Study of Performance Broiler Chickens Fed of Contaminated Wheat by Aflatoxin and Ammoniac

Mohammad Makinia

Volume 2, Issue 6 , Spring 2014, , Pages 2001-2007

Abstract

  Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites by strains of Aspergillus (A.parasiticus and A.flavus) are produced. The clinical signs of aflatoxin poisoning include surgery autopsy, histological ...  Read More Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites by strains of Aspergillus (A.parasiticus and A.flavus) are produced. The clinical signs of aflatoxin poisoning include surgery autopsy, histological lesions and also create effects on the production of poultry flocks in experimental and natural occurrence have been reported in broiler chickens worldwide. The main signs of aflatoxin poisoning, loss of appetite, delayed growth, decreased body weight and food intake are reduced. Aim of this article is Study of performance broiler chickens fed of contaminated wheat by aflatoxin and neutralized by ammonia method. Thus, 280 male broiler chickens of Ross breed were randomly divided into 16 cages and feeding of recommended NRC and All of the experimental diets were same, except of wheat that was considered as fallow: Diet 1(control diet): contains Iranian healthy wheat (no aflatoxin), diet 2: contains ammoniated wheat, diet 3: contains wheat contaminated with aflatoxin (1 ppm) and diet 4: contains ammoniated wheat and contaminated with aflatoxin. According to the results increase in body weight in chickens fed the control diet (without aflatoxin) with ammoniated wheat and contaminated with aflatoxin (diet 4) was not significantly different (p<0.05) but body weight on diets contaminated with aflatoxin (diet 3) was significantly reduced (p<0.05). By the results, feed intake in broilers fed diets 3 (1 ppm  aflatoxin) is lower than other groups (p<0.05).While, not significant differences between diets 2, diets 4 and control diet were observed (p<0.05). Lower feed intake and growth rate due to decreased activity of important enzymes in the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, and impaired and defects in some of the nutrient. Also The results obtained in this study were showed that aflatoxin in broiler diets due to increase relative kidney weight compared with chicks fed the diet has no aflatoxin (p<0.05). Ammoniate of wheat due to reduction and neutralization aflatoxin in wheat and ammoniated wheat that contaminate with aflatoxin has no effect on the relative weight of kidney (p<0.05).

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10. Effect of Selenium Spraying on Yield and Growth Indices of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress Condition

Sasan Teimouri; Javad Hasanpour; Ali Akbar Tajali

Volume 2, Issue 6 , Spring 2014, , Pages 2091-2103

Abstract

  An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Se spraying on yield and growth indices of wheat under drought stress condition, in agriculture and natural resource ...  Read More An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of Se spraying on yield and growth indices of wheat under drought stress condition, in agriculture and natural resource research center of Tehran province in 2011-12. A split plot layout within randomized complete block design with three replications were used. main plots were three irrigation treatments (normal irrigation, non-irrigation at 50% stem elongation stage and non-irrigation at 50% flowering stage) and sub plots were three levels of Se (Na2o3Se) spraying (pure water, 18 and 36 mg/l Se concentration). The greatest grain yield was belonged to normal irrigation with 6425 kg/ha. It decreased to 5375 kg/ha and 3979 kg/ha for light and severe stress by 16.3% and 38% respectively. Light stress has not a significant effect on LAI and CGR, but it was significant at severe stress treatment. All traits except no. of fertile tiller, plant height and HI influenced by selenium spraying. Grain yield was increased by using selenium but was significant for low level of Se spraying. Se spraying at drought stress conditions had desirable effect on RWC, LAI and CGR and increased them.

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11. Short-Term Effect of Different Tillage Systems on Soil Salinity, Density and Nutrients in Irrigated Wheat. Case Study: Agricultural Land, City of Chenaran– Khorasan Razavi

A. Gholami; H. R. Asgari; Z. Saeidifar

Volume 2, Issue 5 , Spring 2014, , Pages 1513-1524

Abstract

  This study was designed to investigate the effects of different tillage systems on some parameters such as soil salinity (pH, EC, SAR), soil density and nutrients in a nested experimental ...  Read More This study was designed to investigate the effects of different tillage systems on some parameters such as soil salinity (pH, EC, SAR), soil density and nutrients in a nested experimental design with three treatments (no tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage) and three replications. Chenaran city fields were selected as the case study areas. Result of the statistical analysis indicates that no tillage system with 0.12, 12.04 and 360.29 mg.kg-1 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium respectively, produced the highest levels. As in the case of the conventional tillage, the lowest amounts of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was reached as respectively 0.07, 8.55 and 261.48 mg.kg-1. By changing tillage system from conventional tillage to no tillage, soil bulk density and porosity changed to a range of 1.41 to 1.29 gr.cm-3and 47.58 to 52.45%. Likewise, the no tillage had the highest electrical conductivity (1.78 decisiemens) and sodium adsorption ratio (9.22) and the lowest amount of acidity (7.65). In the case of the conventional tillage system, the lowest electrical conductivity (1.19 decisiemens) and sodium adsorption ratio (7.52) and the highest acidity (7.77) was observed. Although soil salinity and density under the conventional tillage treatment compared to the no tillage method show lower values, but it seems that improvement of the physiochemical properties of soil in the long-term approach is different from the short-term. So these studies on longer timescales and for different climatic conditions are recommended.

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12. Effect of Subsoil Compaction Constraints on Some Morphological, Physiological and Agronomic Properties of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Rain-Fed Farming

Hamid Reza Asgari; Abdolghaium Ghiami; Zahra Saeedifar; Farshid Ghaderifar

Volume 2, Issue 5 , Spring 2014, , Pages 1657-1669

Abstract

  Soil compaction has become a widespread problem in the world and is one of the factors involved in land degradation and declining crop yields, especially in the arid and semi-arid agriculture. ...  Read More Soil compaction has become a widespread problem in the world and is one of the factors involved in land degradation and declining crop yields, especially in the arid and semi-arid agriculture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of subsoil compaction on morphological, physiological and agronomic aspects of wheat .The research was carried out in the experimental farms of Anbar Ulum city. The treatments were applied in the form of the completely randomized block design with four independent variables and three replicates. The study treatments included: control treatment (no artificial compression), treatment 2 (two passes of a heavy tractor), treatment 3 (4 times passes of a heavy tractor) and treatment 4 (6 times passes of a heavy tractor. In this study data was analyzed by means of the SAS software package. The type of mean comparison method applied is the LSD test. Results showed that different levels of soil compaction had a significant reducing effect on plant morphological characteristics such as plant height and tiller number. Likewise, soil compaction significantly reduced the agronomic characteristics of wheat like grain weight, biological yield and grain yield, but not so much effect was observed for the harvest index (HI) .As for plant physiological characteristics, soil compaction imposed a significant effect such that the concentration of chloride, sodium and potassium concentration in the leaves significantly decreased and so did the leaf area index.

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13. Evaluation of Leaf Proteome in Wheat Genotypes Under Drought Stress

K. Moradpour; A. Najaphy; A. Mostafaie; M. Bakhtiari; S. Kiani

Volume 2, Issue 3 , Winter 2014, , Pages 831-839

Abstract

  Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. Proteomics in recent years one of the most powerful tools that help us to study the ...  Read More Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. Proteomics in recent years one of the most powerful tools that help us to study the changes in protein In order to investigate the proteome of wheat leaves in response to terminal drought, two genotypes susceptible and resistant wheat genotypes were evaluated under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fed (stress) conditions. After applying stress and extraction of leaf proteins, two-dimensional gels were prepared and scanned. Analysis of gel images was performed using Same Spot Progenesis. About 657 protein spots were identified by the software. After alignment of the spots and their correspondence, 148 spot were identified visually and by using the software and statistical analysis was carried out. Five spots with Fold ≥ 1/5 at P ≤ 0/05 were identified, of which 4 spots were significant at P ≤ 0/05 and 1 spot was significant at P ≤ 0/01.

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14. Evaluation of Leaf Protein Pattern in Wheat Genotypes Under Drought Stress

K. Moradpour; A. Najaphy; S. Mansoorifar; A. Mostafaie

Volume 2, Issue 3 , Winter 2014, , Pages 840-846

Abstract

  Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop yields around the world. Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. ...  Read More Drought is one of the most important factors limiting crop yields around the world. Drought stress in plants, the change (increase or decrease) in the production of plant proteins. This research was carried out using bread wheat genotypes. For evaluation of leaf protein pattern in wheat, 10 genotypes were assayed with 3 replications under irrigated (non-stress) and rain-fed (stress) conditions. At grain filling stage, 10 random plants were selected and flag leaf samples were harvested. SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis was used to evaluate protein pattern after applying water stress. Thirty five protein bands appeared. Most of the bands were similar in the entries and specific bands were rare. Under drought stress, high molecular weight proteins were intensified, while low molecular weight proteins were faint. Cluster analysis under non-stress conditions classified the genotypes into tree clusters but under stress conditions the entries were classified into four clusters.

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15. The Survey of Ending Season Drought Stress Impact and Different Planting Dates on Grain Yield and Gaining Weigh T Rate and Wheat Filling Period Characteristics in New Bread Wheat Genotypes

S.R. Hassanpour Avanji; Farzad Paknejad; M. Shojaei Poor; Mehrdad Esfandiari

Volume 2, Issue 1 , Winter 2014, , Pages 253-260

Abstract

  In order to study planting date impacts and ending season drought stress  on grain yield and  gaining weight  rate  and wheat filling period characteristics in new ...  Read More In order to study planting date impacts and ending season drought stress  on grain yield and  gaining weight  rate  and wheat filling period characteristics in new advanced bread wheat genotypes ,this research  is done by using plan statistical  of spilt plot  in form of complete random blocks basic  plot with 3 replications in both common separated irrigation  and ending season drought  stress tests (stop irrigating in50% pollination phase )  in research institute field  for breeding and  providing seeds and seedling  in Karaj  in 387-1388. Planting date factor  is studied  in 2levels mehr 20th and aban10th  in main plots  and 4 genotypes resisting to bread wheat drought stress including c-85-D7;c-85-D8; c-85-D9; c-85D13 with  Alvand  check value in minor plots in both  tests. the results of variance analysis for measured characteristics in both common irrigation and drought stress tests show that impacts of planting dates ,Genotypes  and planting date interaction  multiplied by genotype on grain yield characteristics ,rate gaining weight and wheat filling period (in both tests) were meaningful at 1% level. According to results of  test average comparisons in both  common irrigation condition and drought stress , showed  that c-85-D9 in both conditions  having most wheat filling speed  and c-85-DB having most wheat filling period and meanwhile both genotypes  had rather good grain yield in both conditions . recent results have showed that different wheat genotypes  have interaction with environmental conditions so that each genotype using  its own special strategies for resisting to stress.

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16. Evaluation of Maximum Light Absorption and Light Extinction Coefficient in Different Levels of Nitrogen and Wheat Cultivars

Farideh Samadiyan; Ali soleymani; Farhood Yeganehpoor; Vahid beyginiya

Volume 1, Issue 11 , Autumn 2013, , Pages 1377-1386

Abstract

  The experimental was split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, different levels of nitrogen in the main plots included four levels ...  Read More The experimental was split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, different levels of nitrogen in the main plots included four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 N) kg.ha-1 urea and wheat varieties, including cultivars, Sepahan and SW were placed in the subplots. Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer and cultivar were significant effects on maximum light absorption. Fertilizer treatment of 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen resulted in maximum light absorption compare to other treatments. Maximum light absorption was related to Pishtaz cultivar. The interaction between nitrogen and cultivar on maximum light absorption was significant at 5% probability level. Treatment of 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen with Pishtaz cultivar had the highest average of light absorption. As well as the calculated extinction coefficient of light during the growing season to control treatment, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen was respectively equal to -0.4675,  -0.4794, -0.4858 and -0.495 and for Pishtaz, Sepahan and SW cultivars was -0.488, -0.4618 and -0.4504 respectively. Results indicate that in order to achievement to maximum light absorption, 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizers together with Pishtaz cultivar at the condition similar to this study seems to be appropriate

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17. AMMI Analysis of Wheat Substitution Lines for Detecting Genes Controlling Adaptability

Elham Amiri; Ezatollah Farshadfar; Mohammad Mahdi Jowkar

Volume 1, Issue 9 , Summer 2013, , Pages 1112-1123

Abstract

  To locate the genes controlling adaptability in bread wheat using AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) model, twenty-one substitution lines derived from the parents ...  Read More To locate the genes controlling adaptability in bread wheat using AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) model, twenty-one substitution lines derived from the parents Chinese Spring (recipient) and Chayan (donor) were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three different environments in the Agricultural College of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. The results of AMMI analysis indicated significant differences among all sources of variation except AMMI2. AMMI1 explained that 84% of the variability related to genotype × environment interaction. The chromosomes 7A, 2B, 3A, 7D and 4B had the highest grain yield, and chromosomes 4D, 2A, 4A and 5A lowest. AMMI stability value (ASV) ranked chromosomes 5B > 3B > 3A > 6A as the most stable, and 2A > 4A > 7A as unstable. AMMI1 biplot analysis revealed that Chromosomes 3B, 5B and 5D had high stability and medium mean grain yield, whereas the chromosome with both low yield and stability were 2A, 4A, 5A and 4D. The chromosomes 3A, 4B, 7D followed by 2B, were identified as chromosomes with both high yield and stability performance in different environments. Chromosomes 2A and 4A with large AMMI1 score also showed specific adaptability with environment E2, chromosomes 5A and 4D with environment E3, while chromosome 7A with environment E1. The findings indicated that most of the genes controlling adaptability were located on chromosomes 3A in A genome, 4B and 2B in B genome and 7D in D genome, and also chromosomes 2A, 4A, 5A and 4D carried the genes controlling specific adaptability to water stress condition, while the genes responsible for adaptation to irrigated condition were located on chromosome 7A

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18. The effect of microbial inoculants on physiological responses of two wheat cultivars under salt stress

Kobra saghafi; Jafar Ahmadi; Ahmad Asgharzadeh; Shiva Bakhtiari

Volume 1, Issue 4 , Spring 2013, , Pages 421-431

Abstract

  Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit crop growth and productivity. This study focuses on the effects of different strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ...  Read More Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit crop growth and productivity. This study focuses on the effects of different strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the physiological responses of two wheat cultivars under normal and salt stress conditions. The wheat cultivars selected include one which is tolerant to salinity (Kavir) and one which is sensitive to salt-stress (Qods). The factors considered were four levels of PGPR (B1 to B4) and two levels of salinized culture solution (S1 to S2). Before planting, the wheat was inoculated with strains of PGPR. Results showed that salt stress reduced RWC, Leaf Chlorophyll index and photosynthesis characteristics. The application of PGPRs strains reduced the negative effects of saline stress by increasing the leaf’s relative water content and enhancing photosynthetic pigment production in both stress and normal condition. The mechanism of PGPR elicitation of growth promotion may involve the enhancement of root hair development and therefore increased relative water content, chlorophyll pigments and water uptake. Single and dual inoculations of PGPR strains showed variations in their effect to enhance the wheat tolerance to salt. The bacterial consortium was effective for wheat plants as an acceptable and ecofriendly technology to improve plant performance and development.

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19. Evaluation of genetic parameters in agro-physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigated condition

Ezatollah Farshadfar; Hossein Romena; Akbar Shabani

Volume 1, Issue 4 , Spring 2013, , Pages 331-340

Abstract

  Selection of genotypes based on high value of heritability and forecasted genetic conditions would be an effective method for improvement of wheat cultivars. The present investigation ...  Read More Selection of genotypes based on high value of heritability and forecasted genetic conditions would be an effective method for improvement of wheat cultivars. The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic variability of agro-physiological characters using biometrical genetic techniques in 20 bread wheat genotypes under irrigated condition. For this purpose an experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters of some agro- physiological traits and their relationship with yield under Irrigated conditions. High genetic variability was observed between the genotypes for the characters grain yield (GY), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll ab (Chl ab), quantum yield (QY), performance index (PI), relative water loss (RWL) and leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), therefore direct selection is effective for improvement of these traits.Total chlorophyll content (Chl ab), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and PI revealed high heritability and co-heritability with yield. Hence, they can be used as indirect selection for the improvement of yield under irrigated condition.

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